不同施肥措施对夏玉米田间群体微环境的影响

摘要

以长期不施肥(CK)为对照,研究单施氮肥(N2)、氮钾配施(N2K)、氮磷配施(N2P)、氮磷钾配施(N1PK,N2PK,N3PK,N4PK)对夏玉米田间群体微环境的影响.结果表明,不施肥或缺素施肥(CK,N2,N2K,N2P)措施对玉米大喇叭口期、灌浆期的群体内地面温度改变较少,温度较高,氮磷钾肥配施(N1PK,N2PK,N3PK,N4PK)措施对群体内地面温度改变较大,温度较低,二者温度相差0.2～12.0℃,差异达到显著或极显著水平;不施肥或缺素施肥(CK,N2,N2K)处理对玉米大喇叭口期的群体冠层温度影响较小,温度较高,氮磷钾肥配施(N2PK,N3PK,N4PK)处理的群体冠层温度较低,二者温度相差0.2～7.0℃;不同施肥措施对大喇叭口期、灌浆期群体内相对湿度,大喇叭口期群体内CO2含量影响较小.通过合理施肥可以改善田间群体微环境,提高玉米的抗逆能力,获得较高的产量.%In this manuscript,micro-environment of summer maize's group under various fertilization practices,such as CK (no fertilizer),N2 (inorganic N fertilizer),N2K (inorganic N and K fertilizer),N2P (inorganic N and P fertilizer),NPK (inorganic N and P and K fertilizer,N1PK,N2PK,N3PK,N4PK),was studied.The results showed that there were little effects of no fertilizer or absent fertilization treatments (CK,N2,N2K,N2P)on maize's group inner ground temperature at belling mouth stage and filling stage,respectively,and had higher temperature values.While NPK fertilization treatments (N 1PK,N2PK,N3PK,N4PK) had great influences on group inner ground temperature and had lower temperature values,about 0.2-12.0 ℃ was lower compared with no fertilizer or absent fertilization treatments.Similarly,there were little effects of no fertilizer or absent fertilization treatments (CK,N2,N2K)on maize's group canopy temperature at belling mouth stage,and had higher temperature values.While NPK fertilization treatments(N2PK,N3PK,N4PK)had great influences on group canopy temperature and had lower temperature values,about 0.2-7.0 ℃ was lower compared with no fertilizer or absent fertilization treatments.Moreover,there were little effects of various fertilizations on maize's group relativity humidity at belling mouth stage and filling stage,respectively.And there were little effects on carbon dioxide concentrations at belling mouth stage.So,the micro-environment could be improved through suitable fertilizations and obtained higher yields.