平衡施肥措施对夏玉米田间群体微环境的影响

摘要

以长期不施肥为对照(CK),研究氮磷钾配施(N2PK)、氮磷钾与有机肥配施(N2PKM)、氮磷钾与秸秆还田配施(N2PKS)3种平衡施肥措施对夏玉米田间群体微环境的影响.结果表明,平衡施肥措施(N2PKM,N2PKS,N2PK)能显著降低玉米喇叭口期、灌浆期的群体内地面温度,较不施肥处理分别降低2～ 10,1～2℃;显著降低玉米喇叭口期的群体冠层温度,较不施肥处理降低1～4℃;能有效改善玉米灌浆期的群体冠层温度;平衡施肥措施(N2PKM,N2PKS,N2PK)对玉米喇叭口期的群体内CO2含量有小幅的提高效果,对灌浆期则有较大的提高效果,其中,N2PKM,N2PKS施肥措施的提高效果较大;平衡施肥措施(N2PKM,N2PKS,N2PK)对玉米群体内相对湿度的改善作用不明显.%In this manuscript,micro-environment of summer maize's group under 4 different fertilization practices,such as CK (no fertilizer),N2PK (inorganic N and P and K fertilizer),N2PKM (inorganic N,P,K fertilizer with manure),and N2PKS (inorganic N,P,K fertilizer with manure straw),were studied.The results showed that balanced fertilization practices (N2PK,N2PKM and N2PKS)could significantly reduce summer maize's group inner ground temperature at both belling mouth stage and filling stage respectively compared with CK treatment,about 2-10 ℃ (at belling mouth stage)and 1-2 ℃ (at filling stage) were decreased.Moreover,summer maize's group canopy temperature was also significantly reduced,and 1-4 ℃ (at belling mouth stage) was decreased.At the same time,balanced fertilization practices could effectively improve summer maize's group canopy temperature at filling stage.Additionally,balanced fertilization practices (N2PK,N2PKM and N2PKS) had little effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) content within the group at belling mouth stage,however,they had larger effects on CO2 content within the group at filling stage,especially the N2PKM and N2PKS practices.Balanced fertilization practices had no effects on relative humidity within the maize's group.