障碍墙对人员疏散影响的数值模拟研究

摘要

In order to research the effect of obstacle wall before the exit on pedestrian evacuation , the evacuation processes of different pedestrian densities and different setting conditions of obstacle wall were analysised by numeri -cal simulation .The results showed the evacuation distance increases by the presence of obstacle wall , which leads to the increase of evacuation time , and the evacuation time delays more when the pedestrian density is higher;it is better that the distance between the obstacle wall and exit is less than the width of exit , the distance which is less than the width of exit reduces the flow coefficient seriously and increases the evacuation time , the distance has little effect on the evacuation when it reached the width of exit;it is better that the length of the obstacle wall is less than the width of exit , because the flow coefficient decreases less in this condition , it reduces the flow coefficient seri-ously and increases the evacuation time when the length of the obstacle wall is more than the width of exit .With the increasing of exit width , the evacuation time reduces , and obstacle wall decreases the effective width of the exit . The results of the research provide reference for engineering design and application .%为了研究出口前障碍墙对人员疏散的影响，采用数值模拟的方法分析了不同人员密度以及不同障碍墙设置条件下的人员疏散过程。结果表明，障碍墙的存在增加了疏散距离，从而增加人员疏散时间，且人员密度越大，疏散时间的延滞越严重；障碍墙与出口的距离不宜小于出口宽度，两者距离小于出口宽度时会严重降低出口的流量系数，增加人员疏散时间，两者距离达到出口宽度时对人员疏散的影响较小；障碍墙的长度不宜超过出口宽度，长度不超过出口宽度的障碍墙对出口的流量系数影响较小，长度大于出口宽度的障碍墙严重降低出口的流量系数，增加疏散时间。随着出口宽度增加，疏散时间减少，障碍墙会降低出口的有效宽度。研究结果为实际工程设计及应用提供了一定的参考依据。