张承地区向北京市水气传输的重要生态系统服务识别研究

摘要

Rapid urbanization causing serious air pollution and ecological risks in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in North China has attracted worldwide attention. This study estimates the key ecosystem services of land covers in Zhangjiakou and Chengde, and analyzes their main contributions and the effects of ecosystem service flows to Beijing. Results indicated that the total economic value of key ecosystem services in the Zhangjiakou–Chengde region was CNY 189.5 billion in 2013, and that these services were generated mainly from the forestlands, grasslands, and farmlands of Chengde and the eastern region of Zhangjiakou. However, nearly half of land covers provided low ecosystem service values and thus should be enhanced. In addition, approximately 21％ of key ecosystem services were delivered from the Zhangjiakou–Chengde region into Beijing, and the flow feasibilities of ecosystem services delivered by water and wind reached 34％ and 12％, respectively. Chicheng, Zhuolu, Chongli, Huailai, Xuanhua and Guyuan counties contributed 61％ of the ecosystem services flowing into Beijing, and each service showed high regional relationships with Beijing (flow index ≥ 40％). Thus, these services should be prioritized in terms of ecological compensation funds and policies from Beijing.%近年来,京津冀区域性生态环境问题引起世界关注.为推动京津冀协同发展及精准实施生态补偿,该研究评估分析了张承地区重要生态系统服务的供给与流动规律,定量揭示了北京市与张承地区在生态系统服务上的区域关系.研究结果表明,2013年张承地区可供给重要生态系统服务1895亿元.这些生态系统服务主要来源于承德市及张家口市东部的森林、草地和农田生态系统,但仍有47％的地区生态系统服务供给潜力有待发挥;此外,张承地区21％的重要生态系统服务可流动惠宜至北京市,其中以水为介质和以风为介质流动的重要生态系统服务分别为34％和12％.从不同县域来看,赤城、涿鹿、崇礼、怀来、宣化和沽源供给着61％的可流动至北京市的重要生态系统服务,因而与北京市有着较高的生态服务联系,北京市生态补偿政策制定应重点关注上述地区的社会经济发展与生态环境建设.