皖江示范区生态资产格局时空变化与驱动因素

摘要

With the rapid development of the society and the economy, people are paying more attention to the value of natural resources and the benefits of the ecological environment. Evaluating the value of eco-assets has become a focus of concern. Quantitative remote sensing measurements, land data and other auxiliary data were used to measure the eco-assets in 46 regions of the Wanjiang Demonstration Area from 1990 to 2013. This paper analyzes temporal and spatial variations of eco-assets' distribution, composition, change patterns and the factors driving variations. The results show that the distribution of eco-assets in the regions is very uneven, the central region has higher ecological assets than other regions, and it declined first and then rose during the period 1990-2013. The total amount of eco-assets increased by 3.05％. The change in the amount of ecological assets was not large, but it is important that the amount of assets was basically stable, and increases in the proportion of degraded areas was small. Grassland and water body eco-assets decreased by 11.19％ and 0.66％, respectively, and that of cultivated land decreased by 15.54％, but forest land increased by 6.42％. As for the change pattern of ecological assets, the per capita assets of Hefei had the largest reduction, and those of Xuancheng the second largest. The spatial and temporal changes of ecological assets in the Wanjiang Demonstration Area include natural factors and human factors. The government's macro-control and economic policies are the main driving factors for the spatial and temporal changes of the ecological assets pattern.%随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对自然资源和生态环境的认识越来越深刻,生态资产价值评估已成为人们关注的焦点.研究采用遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,对1990-2013年皖江示范区46个地区的生态资产进行了测算,并分析其生态资产的分布、组成、变化模式及其驱动因素.结果表明:1)皖江示范区生态资产分布非常不平衡,中部比其他地区生态资产高,且在1990-2013年期间先下降再升高;2)生态资产总量增长了3.05％,总体变化不大,退化和增加的面积比例较小;3)草地和水域的生态资产分别下降11.19％和0.66％,尤其是耕地下降了15.54％,但是林地增加了6.42％;4)在生态资产的变化格局中,合肥的人均资产减少幅度最大;5)影响皖江示范区生态资产时空变化的因素包括自然因素和人为因素,其中景观格局、人口和气候因素是生态资产格局时空变化的主要动力因素.