新丝绸之路形成背景下哈萨克斯坦城市群发展研究

摘要

The paper deals with current issues of the regional spatial organization based on the identiifcation and analysis of key factors and prerequisites for the formation of urban agglomerations as the most important growth centers, integrated with global and regional markets in the conditions of a qualitatively new stage in the history of the Great Silk Road. We assess promising directions and negative effects of development of agglomerated formations and zones of their influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a region having an advantageous geostrategic position in the Eurasian space. In Kazakhstan, the current process of urbanization has a multiple-vector nature, and the course of formation of urban agglomerations provides convincing evidence of an increase in their share in settlement and in the total population. It is agglomerated forms of urban development that are a kind of indicator of the onset of maturity in settlement, specifying key points of the socio-economic space, namely:cores of regions, nodes of foreign economic relations and contacts, main areas of new territories development, the most important links in the internal infrastructure, etc. It is urban agglomerations that should act as a kind of special platform of integration processes, on the basis of which the Republic of Kazakhstan should revive its historical role in the development of the global project“New Silk Road”and become a major trade and logistics, ifnance and business, innovation and technology, and tourism hub of the Central Asia region, a bridge between Europe and Asia.%在伟大丝绸之路复兴的新历史阶段背景下，结合全球和区域市场一体化，文章分析了城市群这一最为重要增长极形成的关键因素和先决条件，在此基础上研究了区域空间组织问题。在欧亚地缘战略中哈萨克斯坦具有横贯中西的区位优势，文章综合评估了哈萨克斯坦城市群发展的可能方向、可能存在的负面影响及其影响范围。研究表明，哈萨克斯坦当前的城市化过程具有多维特征，城市群地区人口占总人口比重明显上升，城市的集聚形式预示着定居形式的成熟，并塑造着特有的社会经济空间，如区域核心、对外经济联系的节点、内部基础设施最重要的连接点等。城市群将扮演区域一体化的特殊平台，以城市群为基础，哈萨克斯坦将在新丝绸之路建设中恢复其重要历史地位，它将成为中亚地区贸易、交通、商业与金融、科技创新和旅游的枢纽，以及链接欧亚的桥梁。