稻田生产对生态环境的影响具有两面性,为使稻田生产提供不同组合或更高水平的环境服务,需要补偿农户因转变操作方式而损失的收益.然而目前稻田生态系统的生态功能尚未得到广泛普遍的重视,造成了稻田生态保护的激励不足和稻田环境问题的普遍发生.因此,必须尽快建立科学的以生态环境恢复为导向的稻田生态补偿机制,以调整相关利益各方生态及其经济利益的分配关系.本文在综述稻田生态补偿研究的基础上,明晰了稻田生态补偿的概念及其必要性,构建了稻田生态补偿的机制框架,分析了补偿的标准和途径.%Agricultural land provides not only food and fiber (an important element of food security), but also serves as a non-market commodity with characteristic externalities and public services. However, there are also many negative impacts on environment of the paddy production. Thus, Payments for paddy ecosystem services en-courage farmers to engage in ecological or organic agricultural practices and agro-ecological/environmental supply. However, compared with forest, wetland, and pasture, the eco-function and ecosystem services of paddy fields have gotten insufficient attention. It is necessary to establish an eco-compensation mechanism for paddy fields that boosts behavior that protects farms to benefit the ecosystem. Based on a review of eco-compensation for paddy fields, this paper proposes the policy game framework of eco-compensation for paddy fields, which is oriented to ecological restoration. Secondly, this paper introduces methods for determination of compensation standards, in-cluding the cost the farmers' wilingness to accept, and the ecological benefits of adopting environmental friendly farming practices. And finaly, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for eco-compensation for paddy ecosystems.
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机译：稻田生产对生态环境的影响具有两面性,为使稻田生产提供不同组合或更高水平的环境服务,需要补偿农户因转变操作方式而损失的收益.然而目前稻田生态系统的生态功能尚未得到广泛普遍的重视,造成了稻田生态保护的激励不足和稻田环境问题的普遍发生.因此,必须尽快建立科学的以生态环境恢复为导向的稻田生态补偿机制,以调整相关利益各方生态及其经济利益的分配关系.本文在综述稻田生态补偿研究的基础上,明晰了稻田生态补偿的概念及其必要性,构建了稻田生态补偿的机制框架,分析了补偿的标准和途径.%Agricultural land provides not only food and fiber (an important element of food security), but also serves as a non-market commodity with characteristic externalities and public services. However, there are also many negative impacts on environment of the paddy production. Thus, Payments for paddy ecosystem services en-courage farmers to engage in ecological or organic agricultural practices and agro-ecological/environmental supply. However, compared with forest, wetland, and pasture, the eco-function and ecosystem services of paddy fields have gotten insufficient attention. It is necessary to establish an eco-compensation mechanism for paddy fields that boosts behavior that protects farms to benefit the ecosystem. Based on a review of eco-compensation for paddy fields, this paper proposes the policy game framework of eco-compensation for paddy fields, which is oriented to ecological restoration. Secondly, this paper introduces methods for determination of compensation standards, in-cluding the cost the farmers' wilingness to accept, and the ecological benefits of adopting environmental friendly farming practices. And finaly, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for eco-compensation for paddy ecosystems.
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