人卵子冷冻技术的伦理思考

摘要

辅助生殖技术发展日新月异,近年来快速发展的人卵子冷冻技术为妇女生育力的保存提供了新的手段,为那些手术或放化疗后可能丧失卵巢功能、有卵巢功能早衰倾向、已经促排卵采集到卵母细胞而男方取精失败的妇女,以及因各种因素推迟生育年龄的妇女带来了生育力保险,也为卵子捐赠带来了新的希望.但卵子冷冻技术的发展同时也带来了伦理的困惑:可否为单身育龄女性提供卵子冻存服务;冷冻卵子的所有权、使用权归属;冷冻卵子者及出生子代的权益等.建议生殖医学机构在提供卵子冷冻技术前,应充分知情同意,告知技术的限制和可能的风险,进行心理评估,并预先确定卵子的归属权.生殖医学机构在提供生育策略与卵子冷冻技术服务过程中,应遵循有利于患者、知情同意、保护后代、社会公益、保密、严防商业化、伦理监督等原则.%With the development of assisted reproductive technology,human oocyte cryopreservation brings benefits to the women:Who may lose ovary function after surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy;Who may gain premature ovarian failure;Who have collected oocytes after ovarian hyperstimulation but their husbands failed to gain sperm;Who delay their reproductive age due to various reasons;And who would donate oocytes.At the same time,the technology has also brought ethical arguments:Can we provide oocyte freezing services to single women? Who have the ownership of the frozen oocytes? Whether the women or their offsprings have the right to know the information about the frozen oocyte children or the biological mother? We suggest that the agencies should give all the information about limitations of oocyte cryopreservation,possible risks,and so on,and provide psychological assessment and pre-determine the ownership of the oocytes before cryopreservation.And the assisted reproductive institutions should observe the following guidelines:beneficial to patients,informed consent,protecting the offspring,public welfare,confidentiality,preventing commercialization and ethical oversight in the process of consultation and oocyte cryopreservation.