青少年骶骨孔的特征性变化及临床意义

摘要

目的：通过对12～18岁青少年骶骨前孔、骶骨后孔等解剖结构的 CT 影像学扫描和三维重建测量，探讨骶骨前孔、骶骨后孔的解剖学结构意义和发育规律及增龄变化特征，为青少年骶骨疾病的诊断和治疗提供解剖学依据。方法选取我院少年无外伤、神经症状和体征的患者30例，双源64排螺旋 CT 薄层扫描，扫描范围为盆腔，将获得的骶段 CT 原始数据以 DICOM格式导入 Mimics 软件进行相关指标测量，并进行统计分析。结果青少年骶骨前孔和骶骨后孔的高、宽和骶前孔内缘间距在性别与侧别间差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0．05），骶骨各孔径线随着年龄的增长呈递增趋势，骶骨前孔各孔径线和骶孔间距随着椎序的增长呈递减趋势，且存在显著差异。结论青少年骶前孔、骶后孔等相关结构解剖学参数呈规律性变化过程，临床应用时须结合个体化影像学结果及组织工程逆向成型技术及生物力学研究成果的支持，才能使骶骨内固定技术达到个体化治疗的满意效果。%Objective To study the developmental patterns and aging characteristics of anterior sacral foramina and posterior sacral forami-na in adolescents aging from 12 to 18 years old through CT imaging scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction measurement,and to provide the anatomical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of sacral vertebra diseases.Methods The 30 adolescents without any the problems of nerv-ous system were selected to conduct 64-slice spiral CT in the pelvic cavity.The original data were input into three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics with the form of DICOM,and the relevant indicators were measured and analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the height,width and distance of inner edge of anterior sacral foramina and the posterior sacral foramina in different gender and sides (P >0.05).The physical development of human increases gradually with age and there were significant differences.Conclusion There is a regular change process in the relevant indicators of anterior sacral foramina and posterior sacral foramina in adolescents.But the clinical appli-cation must be combined with the results of individual imaging,the technology of reverse engineering and the support of rapid prototype manu-facturing so as to meet the satisfactory results of individualized treatment.