多发性骨软骨瘤病的临床特点及影像诊断

摘要

目的 分析总结多发性骨软骨瘤的病因、临床特点及影像学表现.方法 2010年3月至2014年12月我院收治21例多发性骨软骨瘤患者,所有患者均行X射线DR检查,15例行CT扫描,4例行MRI检查.回顾性分析其临床及影像资料,结合文献进行影像学征象分析.结果 21例患者均有多发性骨软骨瘤病家族遗传史,好发于四肢长骨干骺端,特征表现为长骨的骨骺端带蒂或无蒂的有软骨帽覆盖的骨性肿块,常为双侧但并非均为对称性,下肢发病多于上肢,下肢以膝关节周围骨骼最多见,多背离关节方向生长.结论 多发性骨软骨瘤病以软骨内化骨形成缺陷、骨性赘生物形成为其特点,多合并骨骼弯曲与短缩畸形及邻近关节活动障碍,根据典型临床特点及X射线、CT、MRI等影像学检查可明确诊断.%Objective To explore the etiology,clinical features,and imaging features of multiple osteochondroma.Methods A total of 21 patients of multiple osteochondroma with completely clinical and imaging data were brought into this study.All these patients accepted X ray DR examination, and 15 cases of them accepted CT scanning and 4 cases of them accepted MRI examination.The clinical and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively combined with the relative literature.Results All the 21 patients with multiple osteochondroma had family history,and it's likely to be found in the metaphysis of limb long bone.Patients with multiple osteochondroma usually had bony lump with cartilage cap in long bones' metaphysis.It often occured in double sides but not symmetry,and it was more likely to be found in the lower limbs.Bone around the knee-joint was the most common position of lesion,and the growth direction was usually deviating from the joints.Conclusion Multiple osteochondroma has the characteristics of internalization bone cartilage defects and osseous vegetations formation,and it's usually combined with bone bending,shortening deformity and adjacent joint activities obstacles.It can be diagnosed according to the typical clinical features,X-ray and CT imaging features.