针对接触网监测中棘轮补偿装置坠砣风振位移与断线位移容易混淆的问题,提出一种基于形态学-小波的断线故障检测方法.利用有限元软件ANSYS搭建接触网模型,采用谐波叠加法模拟脉动风场,通过瞬态动力学仿真模拟接触线b值的风振位移曲线;构造出无干扰断线信号和有风振分量干扰的断线信号,采用基于形态学方法的交替混合滤波器对含噪信号进行消噪处理;对信号做小波变换并根据模极大值原理计算 Lipschitz 指数实现断线故障的检测.研究结果表明:形态学滤波方法能够完整保留断线故障特征;断线点Lipschitz指数最大值不超过0.11,风振位移Lipschitz指数最小值不低于0.25,将Lipschitz指数作为定量判据可以有效区分坠砣的断线位移和风振位移,该检测方法具有较高的实际应用价值.%Aiming at the problem in catenary monitoring that the wind-induced vibration displacement and broken line displacement of balance weight of tension wheel equipment can be easily confused, a fault detection method based on morphology-wavelet was proposed in this paper. The finite element software ANSYS was used to establish the catenary model, and the weighted amplitude wave superposition method was adopted to simulate the fluctuating wind field. The wind vibration displacement curve of the contact line b value was imitated by the transient dynamics simulation. Constructing the broken line signal without interference and the broken signal with wind vibration component interference, and an alt-mix filter based on morphology method was adopted to denoise the noisy signal. Then the signal was transformed by wavelet and the Lipschitz exponent was calculated to detect the broken line fault according to the modulus maximum principle. The results showed that the filtering method based on morphology can completely preserve the fault characteristics of broken line. The maximum Lipschitz exponent of the broken line point is not more than 0.11, and the minimum Lipschitz exponent of wind vibration displacement is not less than 0.25. So regarding the Lipschitz exponent as the quantitative criterion is useful to distinguish the broken line displacement and wind-induced vibration displacement of balance weight. And it proved that the detection method has a high practical value.
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