研究目的：铁路线路优化正向着线站协同优化发展，而线站协同优化的基础是实现车站的自动选址，但现有成果对线路、车站、环境及结构物之间的复杂约束欠缺系统研究，且大都是在车站备选方案既定情况下的评价选址。本文提出一种复杂约束条件下的车站自动选址方法，将车站选址问题分解为站心选择和站坪方向选择，能快速自动搜寻出满足复杂约束且经济合理的站址方案群，可为设计人员提供参考，并为进一步线站协同优化奠定基础。研究结论：（1）基于空间格网索引机制构建的综合地理信息模型，为车站选址提供可快速存取的地理数据基础；（2）站心及站坪方向分治求精的思想可提高方法的计算效率；（3）考虑了用地换算代价、土石方工程换算代价、偏离经济据点换算代价及偏离期望线路换算代价，建立了站址方案综合代价计算模型，为站址方案优劣评判提供依据；（4）以西南山区某铁路为例，验证了本文方法的有效性，该研究成果可为线站协同优化设计提供参考。%Research purposes:The railway optimization is developing towards collaborative optimization of line -station,which is based on automatic station locating.Traditional research is lack of systematic consideration about complex constraints among the alignment -stations -environment -structures,which mostly focus on how to select the best station location in the case of the station location alternatives.This paper proposes a method of automatic station locatingunder complex constraint conditions which can divide station locating into station center selection and site direction selection and can quickly and automatically search economic station schemes satisfying the intricate constraint conditions,to provide a reference for designers. Research conclusions:(1 )Integrated geographic information model based on the system of spatial grid index was established to provide data foundation for station locating.(2)Calculation efficiency of the method was increased by divided thought of station center and site direction.(3)A model for calculating the station comprehensive cost was raised considering the cost of land,quantity of earcth work,distance to economic point,deviation to expected route, providing the basis for evaluating the performance of stations.(4)A railway in southwest mountain area was analyzed to verify the effectiveness of this method,and the station schemes satisfying the intricate constraint conditions can be quick-ly figured out,which lays the foundation for line -station collaborative optimization.
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