秦岭火地塘林区外生菌根真菌的初步调查

摘要

2006～2007年8～9月间共4次对秦岭火地塘林区松(Larix sp.)栎(Quercus aliena)混交林、落叶松(Larix sp.)林、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林及华山松(Pinus armandii)林下的外生菌根(ECM)真菌资源多样性以及生态分布进行了研究.鉴定ECM真菌29种,16属,10科,主要属于牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)、红菇科(Russulaceae)和鸡油菌科(Cantharellaceae).其中11种获得了纯培养.松栎混交林下真菌种类最多,21种分布于该林下,常见种为厚环粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus grevillei)、灰环粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus laricinus)、红菇蜡伞(Hygrophorus russula)和粉红菇(Russula subdepallens)；落叶松林、油松林和华山松林ECM真菌种类较少,5种分布于落叶松林下,常见种有厚环粘盖牛肝菌、亚黄粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus subaureus)、灰环粘盖牛肝菌和黄地勺菌(Spathularia flavida)；8种分布于油松林下,常见种为厚环粘盖牛肝菌、亚黄粘盖牛肝菌、灰环粘盖牛肝菌和红菇蜡伞；4种分布于华山松林下,常见种为亚黄粘盖牛肝菌、粉红菇及黄丝盖伞(Incocybe fastigiata).大多分布于海拔1600～1760m林带.表明秦岭火地塘林区ECM真菌资源丰富,不同林型下ECM真菌种类及分布有明显的差异.该研究为秦岭火地塘林区ECM真菌种质资源库的建立、资源保护以及利用奠定了基础.%Species diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and ecological distribution in four forest types (including pine - oak, Larix sp. , Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandii forest) in Huoditang forest region of Qinling Mountains were investigated and identified four times from August to September in 2006 - 2007. The results indicated that, a total number of 29 ECM species was found, belonging to 16 genera, 10 families, 3 orders and 2 subphy-lums, and many of them belong to Boletaceae, Russulaceae or Cantharellaceae. Among them, 11 species of ECM fungi isolated from sporocarps. Species in pine -oak forest were the most, there were 21 species in the forest type, the common species were Suillus grevillei, Suillus laricinus, Hygrophorus russula and Russula subdepallens; Species in Larix sp. , P. Tabulaeformis or P. Armandii forest type were rather fewer, there were 5 species in Larix sp. Forest type, the common species were S. Grevillei, Suillus subaureus, S. Laricinus and Spathularia flavida; there were 8 species in P. Tabulaeformis forest type, the common species were S. Grevillei, S. Subaureus, S. Laricinus and H. Russula; There were 4 species in P. Armandii forest type, the common species were S. Subaureus, R.subdepallens and Incocybe fastigiata. These ECM fungi were mainly distributed in altitude from 1600m to 1760m.The above results showed that Huoditang forest region of Qinling Mountains was aboundant in ECM species, there were significant differences in distribution of ECM species in different forest types. This research laid a foundation for establishing germplasm bank, protecting resources and utilizing of ECM species in the forest region.