戴云山国家级自然保护区黄山松群落类型与物种多样性分析

摘要

采用典型取样法对戴云山国家级自然保护区黄山松(Pinus taiwanensis Hayata)群落的类型和物种多样性进行了分析.以乔木层主要树种的重要值为参考指标,通过系统聚类分析,可将该黄山松群落分为8个群丛类型:黄山松+杉木—乌药—铁芒萁群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+ Cunninghamia lanceolata - Lindera aggregate - Dicranopteris linearis)；黄山松+多脉青冈—细枝柃—里白群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+Cyclobalanopsis multinervis-Eurya loquaianaHicriopteris glauca)；黄山松+江南山柳—短尾越桔—铁芒萁群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+ Clethra cavaleriei- Vaccinium carlesii-Dicranopteris linearis)；黄山松+甜槠—肿节少穗竹—里白群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+ Castanopsis eyreiOligostachyum oedogonatum-Hicriopteris glauca)；黄山松+吊钟花—短尾越桔—狗脊群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+Enkianthus quinqueflorus-Vaccinium carlesii-Woodwardia japonica)；黄山松+华丽杜鹃—短尾越桔—里白群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+ Rhododendron farrerae- Vaccinium carlesii- Hicriopteris glauca)；黄山松+光叶水青冈—满山红—铁芒萁群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis+Fagus lucida-Rhododendron mariesii-Dicranopteris linearis)；黄山松—满山红—平颖柳叶箬群丛(Assoc.P.taiwanensis-Rhododendron mariesii-Isachne truncata).各群丛总体物种丰富度指数和多样性指数总体上呈随海拔升高而降低的趋势,总体均匀度指数Pielou指数和Alatalo指数波动不大.在群落垂直结构上,乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数有差异；各群丛间乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数波动较大,草本层这3个指数波动较小且数值上小于前两者.分析结果显示:海拔是决定该黄山松群落多样性差异的主导因子.%Classification and species diversity of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata community in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve were analyzed by typical sampling method. Taking important value of main tree species in arbor layer as reference index, the P. taiwanensis community could be divided into eight association types by means of hierarchical cluster analysis; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Cunninghamia lanceolata-Lindera aggregate-Dicranopteris linearis; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Cyclobalanopsis midtinervis-Eurya loquaiana-Hicriopteris glauca; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Clethra cavakriei-Vaccinium carlesii-Dicranopteris linearis; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Castanopsis eyrei-Oligostachyum oedogonatum-Hicriopteris glauca; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Enkianthus quinqueflorus-Vaccinium carlesii-Woodwardia japonica; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Rhododendron farrerae-Vaccinium carlesii-Hicriopteris glauca; Assoc. P. taiwanensis + Fagus lucida-Rhododendron mariesii-Dicranopteris linearis; Assoc. P. taiwanensis-Rhododendron mariesii-Isachne truncata. Overall species richness and diversity indexes of each association appear decreasing trend generally with altitude rising, and Pielou and Alatalo indexes of overall evenness index show a little fluctuation. In vertical structure of community, there are differences in species richness, diversity and evenness indexes of arbor, shrub and herb layers, and there is a large fluctuation of above three indexes of arbor and shrub layers among different associations, while the fluctuation of those of herb layer is a little and their values are smaller than those of arbor and shrub layers. The analysis result indicates that altitude is a major factor determining diversity difference of the P. taiwanensis community.