乌鲁木齐城市半自然植被群落类型及特征分析

摘要

Based on previous study results and combined with investigation of typical sampling plots,community types of urban semi-natural vegetation in Urumqi were classified, and characteristics of community structure, species composition and plant growth-form spectrum were analyzed. The results show that types of urban semi-natural vegetation in Urumqi can be divided into four vegetation races,thirty-three vegetation types and thirty-eight association groups. In which, broadleaved forest vegetation race includes eight vegetation types and eleven association groups; shrub vegetation race does twelve vegetation types and twelve association groups; herb vegetation race does ten vegetation types and eleven association groups; vegetation race associated with human does three vegetation types and four association groups. The number of vegetation types and association groups in shrub vegetation race are the most,while those in vegetation race associated with human are the fewest. In the urban semi-natural vegetation community, the synusium of broadleaved forest vegetation race are two- and three- layers, that of shrub vegetation race mainly two-layer, those of herb vegetation race and vegetation race associated with human one-layer. The synusium types mainly are single herb type, arbor-shrub type and shrub-herb type. There are eighty-eight species of spermatophyte belonging to seventy-four genera of twenty-four families in the urban semi-natural vegetation community, the dominant families are Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae,Leguminosae, Compositae, Rosaceae and Cruciferae, containing forty-seven genera and fifty-seven species accounting for 63.51％ and 64.77％ of total number of genera and species of spermatophyte respectively in the community. In the community, annual and perennial herbs and perennial semishrub species are more with a percentage of 29.55％, 34.10％ and 17.04％ of total species, respectively.According to related results, the differences between the urban semi-natural vegetation and natural and artificial vegetations in Urumqi are compared and analyzed.%根据前人的研究结果,结合典型样地调查,对乌鲁木齐城市半自然植被的群落类型进行了划分,并对群落结构、物种组成和植物生长型谱等特征进行了分析.结果表明:乌鲁木齐城市半自然植类型可划分为4个植被类33个植被型38个群丛组,其中,阔叶林植被类包含8个植被型11个群丛组;灌丛植被类包含12个植被型12个群丛组;草本植被类包含10个植被型11个群丛组;伴人植被类包含3个植被型4个群从组.属于灌丛植被类的植被型和群丛组均最多,而属于伴人植被类的植被型和群丛组则最少.在该城市半自然植被群落中,阔叶林植被类为二层和三层层片结构,灌丛植被类以二层层片结构为主,草本植被类和伴人植被类为一层层片结构;层片结构类型主要为单一草本型、乔木-灌木型和灌木-草本型.该城市半自然植被群落中共有种子植物24科74属88种,优势科为禾本科(Gramineae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、菊科(Compositae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)和十字花科(Cruciferae),共包含47属57种,分别占该群落中种子植物总属数和总种数的63.51%和64.77%.该群落中一年生和多年生草本以及多年生半灌木种类居多,分别占总种数的29.55%、34.10%和17.04%.根据相关研究结果,对乌鲁木齐城市半自然植被与该区域自然植被及人工绿地的差异进行了比较分析.