不同铵态氮硝态氮配比对烤烟产量、质量及其主要化学成分的影响

摘要

[Objectives]Nitrogen supplying forms affect the yield of flue cured tobacco and the main chemical component contents, thus, affecting the economic quality. In this paper, the proper form of nitrogen and the ratios of different nitrogen fertilizers were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen.[Methods]A field experiment with five different ratios of NH4+/NO3- in fertilizer was conducted to study the effect of different ratios on the yield, quality of the flue-cured tobacco. The changes of the main chemical components in the flue-cured tobacco caused by the ratio of NH4+/NO3- were investigate at the same time. [Results]The application of nitrogen fertilizer with higher nitrate ratio can promote the early growth and quick tiller of flue-cured tobacco, but this effect becomes negligible at the late stages of growth. With the ratio of 50% nitrate nitrogen+50% ammonium nitrogen, the percentages of high grade tobacco are significantly increased, and the scores of mid-high grade proportion and high grade proportion reach 0. 88 and 0. 55. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, potassium, fructose, sucrose and maltose are positively correlated with the ratio of NO3- significantly. On the contrary, the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, nitrogen-nicotine ratio, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine show significant negative correlation with it. The lowest score of flue-cured tobacco quality is obtained with the 100% nitrate nitrogen treatment ( Score 82. 5 ) , the highest score with treatment of 50% nitrate nitrogen with 50%ammonium nitrogen ( Score 97. 8 ) . Therefore, when the level of nitrogen application is 150 kg/ha, the ratio of 50% ammonium to 50% nitrate will be the most suitable ratio for the tobacco-growth and quality, profit in Nanxiong area, Guangdong province.%【目的】不同形态的氮素营养影响着烤烟的一些有机成分的含量和产量,本文对烤烟适宜的氮素形态以及比例进行研究,以期为南雄地区烤烟合理施氮提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟品种粤烟98为研究材料,采用大田试验研究不同硝态氮和铵态氮配比,两个形态的配比设5个处理,1)100%硝态氮(N1)；2)70%硝态氮+30%铵态氮(N2)；3)50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮(N3)；4)70%铵态氮+30%硝态氮(N4)；5)100%铵态氮(N5)。研究了五种不同铵态氮硝态氮配比下烤烟农艺性状、产质量、主要化学成分的表现。【结果】硝态氮比例高能够促进烤烟前期早发快长,但在生育后期,铵态氮和硝态氮配比对烤烟的农艺性状及产量影响差异不显著,对中上等及上等烟比例的差异性影响显著,其中,以50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮配比效果最好,比例达到了0.88和0.55；从化学成分变化看,烤后叶片中总糖、还原糖、淀粉、糖碱比、钾离子、果糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖与硝态氮比例呈现极显著正相关,全氮、烟碱、氮碱比、降烟碱、假木贼碱及新烟碱的含量与与其成极显著负相关。对烤烟烤后烟叶化学质量量化综合评价发现,50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮分值最高为97.8,100%硝态氮分值最低为82.5。【结论】在施氮水平为150 kg/hm2的条件下50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮的配比对于提高广东南雄烟区紫色土上烟叶产质量和化学成分协调性上效果最佳。