我国山地户外运动风险评估指标体系与预警系统的构建

摘要

On the basis of thoroughly investigating and analyzing the current situation of mountain outdoor sports risks as well risk causes and risk management in China, the authors probed into a mountain outdoor sports risk evaluation index system and an early warning system. This research shows that the built risk evaluation index system includes 6 level one indexes and 39 level two indexes; the authors carried out risk classification on 39 level two indexes according to the risk matrix chart, and found that there are 12 indexes that need to be watched in priority, 18 indexes that need to be fully prepared, and 8 indexes that need to be monitored daily. On the basis of the index system,the built mountain outdoor risk early warning system in China includes 6 blocks and seven links, this system has such functions as risk information searching and analyzing as well as establishing reference and information issuance etc, provides a possibility for risk early warning informatization, networking and development towards big data. The authors believed that the mountain outdoor sports risk early warning system needs to be supported by the accident information platform and the risk early warning platform, needs to be assured by policies and regulations,the assurance system and the education system, also needs to deal well with the responsibility relationship between system supply and demand sides and its interest relationship with third parties (insurance company etc), so as to re-alize the harmonious and sustainable running of the entire early warning system, and then to boost the sustainable development of mountain outdoor sports in China.%在深入调研和分析我国山地户外运动风险现状、风险成因及风险管理的基础上,探究山地户外运动风险评价指标体系与预警系统.研究显示,风险评价指标体系包括6个1级指标和39个2级指标;根据风险矩阵图对39个2级指标进行风险分类发现,需要优先防范的指标12个,需要充分准备的指标19个,需要日常监控的指标8个.在指标体系基础上,构建的风险预警系统包括6大板块和7大环节,该系统具备风险信息的搜集、分析以及对策制定参考和信息发布等功能,为实现风险预警的信息化、网络化、大数据化提供可能.研究认为,山地户外运动风险预警系统需要以事故信息平台和风险预警平台为支撑,以政策法规、保障系统和教育系统为保障,同时处理好系统供需两侧的责任关系及与第三方(保险公司等)的利益关系,以实现整个预警系统的协调运行,进而推进我国山地户外运动的可持续发展.