彩色花生种皮色泽变化及色素沉积规律

摘要

Taking peanut cultivars with skin colors of white, black, purple and pink respectively as test material, the color formation and the pigment deposition in colored peanut skins during devel-opment were studied with colorimeter and transmission electron microscopy to further research the su-per-molecular changes, the patterns of color formation and pigment deposition in skins development process of colored peanut cultivars.The results showed that there were some differences with the var-iations of time and location in skin pigment deposition of colored peanut.The pigment was distributed within 1~2 layers of epidermic cells.The brightness of purple and black peanut cultivars showed a significant downward trend before 25 days since pegging into the soil, then in a steady state.But it appeared an abrupt color change during 15~25 days after pegging into the soil.White peanut cultivars and pink peanut cultivars had small changes in brightness and color.With the development of the black pea-nut skin, the pigment gradually accumulated and evenly distributed within the cells.Purple peanut cultivar changed in cell shape and the cell appeared to be transversely stretched, and the pigment gathered around cell wall.White peanut skin contained a little of pigment.The pigment of pink peanut skin circled the cell wall in the early period, evenly distributed in cells and attached cell wall at mature stage.%以白花生、黑花生，紫花生和粉红色花生为试验材料，利用色彩色差计和透射电子显微镜观察花生种皮形态变化及色素沉积过程，旨在明确花生种皮发育过程中种皮色泽和超分子结构变化及色素沉积规律。结果表明，彩色花生种皮色素沉积时间及部位存在一定的差异，色素分布在花生种皮的1~2层表皮细胞内。紫花生和黑花生的亮度在果针入土25 d 前呈现下降趋势，随后处于平稳状态，在果针入土15~25d 发生颜色突变现象；白花生和普通花生的亮度变化不大。随着种皮的发育，黑花生种皮细胞内的色素物质逐渐累积并均匀分布在种皮细胞内；紫花生种皮细胞形状发生了改变，出现了细胞被横向拉伸的现象，色素聚集在细胞壁周围；白花生种皮中含有微量色素；粉红色花生种皮色素环绕在细胞壁周围后均匀分布于细胞中，至成熟期，均匀分布的色素向细胞壁附着。