The effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone formation is complex and various. The effect of MSCs on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a main aspect. Bone resorption is tightly and dynamically regulated by multi-ple mediators, including cytokines that act directly on osteoclasts and their precursors, or indirectly by modulating os-teoblast lineage cells that in turn regulate osteoclast differentiation. Under some physiological conditions, the cytokines produced by MSCs have important roles in a diverse range of osteoclastogenesis processes. However, during inflammation, MSCs suppress osteoclast formation and activity, partly via paracrine effects. MSCs thus seem to have a dual effect, by stimulating or inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, depending on the inflammatory level. This effect of MSCs on osteoclast forma-tion may be exploited for the therapeutic potential of MSCs in bone loss associated with inflammatory diseases.%间充质干细胞(MSCs)对骨代谢的作用是多方面的.MSCs对破骨细胞和骨吸收的调控是其中一个很重要的方面.MSCs对破骨有双面的调节作用,可能促进或者抑制,取决于炎症环境的情况.在一些生理、病理环境下,MSCs通过分泌相关细胞因子对破骨细胞的形成及功能起正向调控作用.但在某些炎症状态下,MSCs可能也通过旁分泌作用实现对破骨细胞形成和分化的抑制作用,尤其是在体外共培养破骨细胞与MSCs,MSCs对破骨细胞的形成表现出抑制作用.了解MSCs对破骨细胞的调控作用,有助于了解炎症微环境下MSCs对骨丢失的治疗潜能.
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