新型3D打印生物材料用于兔颅骨缺损修复重建的实验研究

摘要

目的:观察3D打印生物活性玻璃陶瓷改性材料(AP40mod)对颅骨缺损的修复能力.方法:将AP40mod制成支架材料,羟基磷灰石/磷酸钙复合材料(HA-TCP)作为对照材料.27只新西兰大白兔随机分为3组并在颅骨上制备极限缺损并采取不同方法处理缺损.A组为空白对照(制造全层缺损无任何植入物),B组为AP-40mod支架材料植入,C组为HA-TCP支架材料植入.植入后4、8、12周取材,通过大体观察,显微CT分析和组织学染色评价其成骨性能.结果:显微CT结果显示A组缺损区边缘向缺损内部有部分新骨形成且随着时间增加新骨逐渐增多,B组较C组材料吸收比率更高,材料与周围颅骨骨性结合更好,新骨形成更多.组织学观察显示,B组可见新的板层状骨组织、骨髓腔及骨细胞在AP40mod支架孔隙表面及内部形成.新骨的结构、 成熟度、 成骨量均较HA-TCP支架更好.结论:AP40mod材料在兔颅骨缺损中能与颅骨紧密结合,诱导新骨组织生成,能有效的修复颅骨缺损.%Objective:To observe the osteogenic potential of a three-dimensional printed bioactive glass ceramic modified material (AP40mod). Method: AP40 modified bioactive glass ceramic was used as the scaffold material, and hydroxyap-atite/tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP)composite material was chosen as control. Twenty-seven New Zealand Rabbits were obtained. A critical-size round defect of 1.5 cm diameter was surgically created in the middle region of the cranium. Ani-mals were divided into 3 groups:Group A:blank control (made full-thickness defect with no graft material);Group B:im-plantation of AP40 modified material;Group C:implantation of HA-TCP l. The specimens were harvested after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively, and evaluated by gross observation, Micro-CT and histological analysis. Results: At 12 weeks, group A, a marked bone defect remained with predominately connective tissue. Group B, Micro-CT scan analyses showed nearly complete regeneration of initial defect sites with new bone formation. Histological sections of the AP40mod grafted site re-vealed newly formed lamellar bone, medullary cavity, and degraded AP40mod scaffold. In contrast, in the HA-TCP group, the defect was only partially restored, with significant remaining defect and degraded HA-TCP scaffolds. Conclusion: The AP-40 modified bioactive glass ceramic material can tightly connected with surrounding calvarial bone, induced new bone formation and repair calvarial defect effectively.