功能主义视角下的日本祭海仪式变迁--以濑户内海管弦祭为例

摘要

Sea god festival is an important topic in ocean society ,and the functionalist view is helpful in understanding ocean society through studying sea god festival .Japan has a long history of sea god festi-val ,and Kangen-sai in the Seto Inland Sea created by Tailano Kiyomori ,a politician at the end of Heian period ,has proved to be one of the most famous kinds .It is found out from the perspective of functional-ism that the social function of Kangen-sai has changed periodically .In medieval times ,it helped elitist class to achive their political interests .In early modern times ,it gave maritime people and other common people an object to pray for their interests w hile in modern times ,it helps to develop the marine culture in the area .It is also found out that these changes of function are the results of a series of social conditions in the field of politics ,economics and religion of Seto Inland Sea as well as Japan ,and in turn these changes have influenced the society .%祭海仪式是海洋社会的重要研究专题，功能主义视角有助于通过祭海仪式来审视海洋社会。日本有着悠久的祭海传统，平安时代末期由政治家平清盛在濑户内海创建的管弦祭是其中的代表。以功能主义为视角可知，管弦祭的社会功能发生着阶段性转变，在中世时期成为精英阶层实现政治利益的工具；在近世时期成为海民等庶民阶层实现自身利益的祈祷对象；进入近代以来成为海洋文化事业发展的助推工具。并且，这些功能变迁正是各时期濑户内海乃至日本社会政治、经济、宗教等影响因素作用的结果，而这些功能变迁同时又反作用于社会，对濑户内海乃至日本社会的经济、政治、文化等领域造成影响。