俄罗斯和加拿大北极航道法律规制述评--兼论我国北极航线的选择

摘要

随着北极冰融加剧，北极通航为中国至北欧、西欧、北美洲东岸的航行提供了便利。毗邻俄罗斯的北方海航道和毗邻加拿大的西北航道具有较大的商业通航价值，航道沿岸国对航道的法律规制呈现出不同的特点和发展趋势。未来二十年北极大规模通航已成为可能，这对我国北半球航运网络将产生一定影响，北极航道沿岸国的国内立法和政策导向将在一定程度上影响我国北极航线的选择。%More attention is paid to profits of the navigation ,scientific investigation ,energy sources and natural resources because of the ice melting in Arctic passages .With the opening of Arctic passages , Chinese vessels would obtain great benefits .Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage are vital for Arctic navigation ,while they are under different jurisdictions and rules .For the potential large scale navi‐gation through the Arctic passages in the next twenty years ,it is of great significance to make a compara‐tive study of the laws of costal states of Arctic passages ,which will affect China's choice of Arctic routes .