121例脑卒中患者出院后2周自我效能现状及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 调查并分析脑卒中患者出院后2周自我效能现状及影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样法选取南京市某医院神经外科121例出院后2周的脑卒中患者,采用一般情况调查表、Barthel指数量表、脑卒中自我效能量表、社会支持评定量表对患者进行问卷调查,采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素.结果 脑卒中患者出院后2周的自我效能得分为(61.76±18.62)分,得分率为56.2%;多元线性回归分析结果显示:患者的职业、医疗费用支付形式及日常生活活动能力是影响自我效能的主要因素(P<0.01).结论 脑卒中患者出院后2周的自我效能呈中等水平,从事教师/职员等工作、有城镇医保及日常生活活动能力高的患者其自我效能更好.建议医护人员在患者出院早期,根据患者的肢体障碍程度、日常生活活动能力、职业性质、文化水平、学习能力等给予个性化的健康教育,以促进患者早期康复.%Objective To investigate the self-efficacy and its influencing factors in post-stroke patients 2 weeks after discharge. Methods Totally 121 stroke patients 2 weeks after the discharge were enrolled from Department of Neurosurgery in a hospital of Nanjing by convenience sampling method and were investigated by using general information questionnaire, Barthel index, stroke self-efficacy questionnaire and social support rating scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analysis the influence factors of self-efficacy. Results The average score of self-efficacy of the participants was 61.76±18.62,the score rate was 56.2%. Multiple linear regressions analysis showed patients' occupation, form of payment of medical costs and activities of daily living were the main factors affecting self-efficacy(P<0.01). Conclusion The self-efficacy of post-stroke patients 2 weeks after discharge is at a medium level, and patients such as teachers or office clerks, those with medical insurance for urban residents, and those with better ADL are more likely to have better self-efficacy. Individualized health education should be provided to promote patients' early recovery on the basis of patients'functional recovery of locomotion,ADL,occupation,education background and learning ability.