Small⁃size underwater acoustic detection system is easily loaded on aviation antisubmarine mobile plat⁃forms as it is small in volume and light in weight. New small⁃size underwater extended⁃array acoustic detection sys⁃tem not only has the characteristics of detection equipment needed by antisubmarine aircraft but also was extended to form a larger aperture to effectively improve the system sensitivity, array processing gain and the advantages of directional accuracy. This paper carried out the pool experiment on developing a new small⁃size underwater extend⁃ed⁃array acoustic detection system in the research and development on its directional performance. We design the system's front⁃end based on simulated annealing optimization algorithm;the measured panoramic beam under center frequency is better in optimality;we almost satisfy the design requirements of -30 dB expect sidelobe level. Using reasonable multibeam amplitude comparison algorithm, we obtained good directional performance of system's back⁃end, able to satisfy the<3 °index of standard. Measured directional results verified the engineering practicability of new small⁃size underwater extended⁃array acoustic detection system;they also provide, we believe, preliminary ex⁃perimental data useful to further research on effectiveness and stability.%水下小型声探测系统因具有体积小、重量轻的特点易装载于航空反潜机动平台上。新型水下小尺寸扩展式基阵声探测系统不仅具有航空用探测设备的特点又兼具扩展后可以形成更大的孔径尺寸，有效地提高系统灵敏度、阵处理增益和定向精度等优势，必将发展为现代反潜战中较为有效的探潜手段之一。结合研制的新型水下小尺寸扩展式基阵声探测系统，开展了工程用系统定向性能水池实验研究。系统设计前端基于模拟退火波束优化算法，中心频率下实测全景波束较优，逼近－30 dB期望旁瓣级的设计要求。后端通过合理的多波束比幅测向算法得到了较好的定向性能，能够满足＜3°标准差的指标。实测的定向结果验证了该型水下小尺寸扩展式基阵声探测系统的工程实用性，也为进一步开展工程有效性和稳定性的研究提供了前期的实验参考。
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