低保目标瞄准偏差的乡土逻辑

摘要

农村最低生活保障制度自2007年全面推行以来, 在救助农村贫困群体方面起到了重要作用.从福利治理角度来看, 社会救助资源仍存在明显漏出现象.从政策执行环境来看, 转型与变迁中的乡土逻辑对社会救助目标瞄准政策的执行提出了巨大挑战.研究选取天津市的3个村庄作为调查地点, 探究农村低保目标瞄准政策在不同乡土场域的执行过程和结果, 发现低保目标瞄准政策执行过程中所出现的变通, 是瞄准偏差产生的直接原因, 而转型与变迁中的乡土社会通过形塑福利治理进而对低保目标瞄准过程产生影响, 是瞄准偏差产生的深层原因.%Since the full implementation of the rural minimum living security system in 2007, it has played an important role in helping rural poor groups.However, from the perspective of welfare governance, despite the continuous expansion of social welfare policies in recent years and the continuous improvement of the project system, the welfare resources donated by the state have not been fully transformed into people's welfare.The rural poverty situation is still severe.Judging from the implementation environment of the targeting policy of the minimum living security, the rural society in transition has undergone tremendous changes.This study uses that as the research background and selects three villages in Tianjin as cases to analyze the implementation process and results of rural minimum living security targeting policy in different fields.The study finds that the various changes are the reasons that lead to targeting errors, and the root cause is that the rural society in transformation has shaped the implementation process of the targeting policies through shaping of welfare governance.