半正式治理及其后果--基于纠纷调解及拆迁公司参与的半正式行政分析

摘要

“Centralized minimalism”,posed by Huang Zongzhi ,high-levelly overviews the essential character-istics of the late imperial China’s administration and governance .He thinks that the semi-formal governance is ef-fective and even as a modern social commitment and effective feature .However ,since the 1990s ,the emergence of the continuing governance crisis in rural society is not evidence of such a judgment .On the contrary ,the semi-for-mal governance led to a series of crisis in the rural society .Through in-depth analysis of the semi-formal govern-ance practices on dispute regulation and demolition company participation ,we find that such a model of governance has resulted in the social consequences as :chaotic structure ,high cost of governance ,and the graying order and governance involution .The social basis of the semi-formal governance has changed ,and its results also showed differences .T herefore ,the norm of the national grass-roots governance should be based on the formal governance , which should be implemented with state intervention and guidance .%黄宗智的“集权的简约治理”高度概括了中华帝国晚期以来的行政和治理实践的本质特征，即实行一种“简约治理”，进而高度肯定这种半正式治理在乡村社会的有效性。然而，20世纪90年代以来，乡村社会持续性治理危机的出现，并没有佐证这样的一种判断。相反，简约的半正式治理引发了乡村社会的一系列危机。通过对村庄内部纠纷调节及拆迁公司进村的半正式治理实践的深度分析，发现这种治理实践引发了村庄结构的混乱、村庄秩序的灰色化及村庄治理的内卷化等问题。半正式治理的社会基础发生了变化，半正式治理的结果也呈现出差异。因此，国家基层的常态性治理应该是基于国家介入和引导的正式治理。