精准扶贫背景下农村产业扶贫的实践困境--对华北李村产业扶贫项目的考察

摘要

Based on “the whole village advance,continuous development”industry poverty alleviation projects, it is found that on project application stage the industry is prone to “elite capture ”and “absorb the weak”;In the industry implementation it often suffered from “policy burdens”of reverse soft budget constraint and poor industri-al scale management;Finally after the completion of a industry it is faced with the lack of follow-up and the de-struction of the farmers'livelihood systems.The Industry poverty alleviation practice deviate from the national “ac-curate”for poverty alleviation policy goals.Behind the industry poverty alleviation projects is the contradiction be-tween social moral logic and marketization logic,and the former decides the industry poverty alleviation projects as the carrier,while the latter is easy to cause the scale of the mode of operation,these increase the tension and con-flict between two kinds of logic,so the industry poverty alleviation projects often increase the risk of failure.%以华北李村“整村推进、连片开发”产业扶贫项目为例，发现在产业项目申请阶段容易出现“精英捕获”与“弱者吸纳”；在产业进行中易遭遇由逆向软预算约束带来的“政策性负担”以及规模化经营不善等问题；最终在产业完成之后又面临着后续维护的缺失与农民生计系统的损害。产业扶贫的地方实践背离了国家“精准扶贫”的政策目标。产业扶贫背后隐藏着扶贫济困的社会道德逻辑与产业发展的市场化逻辑的矛盾，前者决定了产业扶贫是以项目为载体，后者则容易导致规模化的经营方式，两种逻辑之间的张力与冲突增加了产业扶贫项目失败的风险。