【目的】研究电动水稻插秧机功率分配和参数优化等关键技术,探索并分析分布式电机驱动水稻插秧机存在的主要问题和发展趋势,为电动水稻插秧机的设计提供依据。【方法】以适合电力驱动的手扶式水稻插秧机为研究对象,通过仿形试验、分插机构试验和牵引试验,得到插秧机各主要工作机构实际功率,并确定各驱动电机的参数。通过牵引试验的载荷和速度分析,进一步优化该类型插秧机蓄电池容量和作业速度等参数,并提出最大连续作业面积节能设计方案。【结果】在试验样机机型下,双行进水轮驱动电机为2×500 W,分插机构驱动电机为300W,仿形机构驱动电机为350W;当采用48V铅酸蓄电池组,在理论额定容量为83.3A.h、行进速度为0.5m/s时,可以获得最大连续作业面积;当采用同电压锂离子蓄电池组,在理论额定容量为100A.h、行进速度为0.5m/s时,可以获得单位蓄电池质量最大连续作业面积。【结论】分布式电机驱动的水稻插秧机具有机械传动机构简化、整体质量轻、低噪音振动和无尾气排放等优点。%【Objective】 The key issues of power distribution and parameter optimization of electric rice transplanter were studied,the distributed motor-driven rice transplanter was explored and the main problems and trends of the electric rice transplanter were discussed.This study provided informations for designing electric rice transplanter.【Method】 Taking power driven walking transplanter as the object,the actual power needed for each major operating mechanism of transplanter and operation parameters of each engine were obtained by profiling mechanism experiments,separating-planting mechanism experiments and traction experiment.Through analyses of the loads gained from traction experiments and the speeds collected,not only battery capacity of this transplanter and parameters of operating speed were optimized,but also the energy-saving scheme of maximum continuous operating area was proposed.【Result】 Based on the type of test transplanter,The powers of processing wheel motors,separating-planting mechanism motor,and profiling mechanism motor of the test transplanter were 2×500 W,300 W,and 350 W,respectively.The biggest continuous operation area per unit mass of battery was obtained when rated voltage of batty with theoretical rated capacity of 83.3 A·h was used at a working speed of 0.5 m/s.【Conculsion】 Advantages of distributed motor-driven rice transplanter include simple mechanical transmission agency,light total mass,low vibration noise and no exhaust.
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