鹅膏菌抑真菌活性成分的化学结构初探

摘要

【Objective】 The fungistasis of Amanita sp.(the strain AV) on Cytospora chrysosperma was investigated for controlling the poplar canker.【Method】 The antifungal active ingredients were separated by sephadex-75(Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 with pH of 6.7 were used as eluent) and sephadex-25(CH3COONH4 of 0.02 mol/L as eluent) Polydextran gel column chromatography.UV scan,fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry(FTIR) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(LC/ES-MS) were used to analyze the structure of the separated ingredients.The growth speed method was adopted for antifungal activity of the stain AV on Cytospora chrysosperma.【Result】 The results showed that the main functional groups included-OH,C=O,-CH2-C=O,-NH-,-CH-and-NH2.LC/ESI-MS showed that there were 2 chemical compounds in the separated active ingredients,with molecular weights of 5 732.39 u and 7 187.01 u,respectively.Fungistasis ratio of the ingredients on Cytospora chrysosperma was 100%.The spores in control group germinated with 5 d while they did not germinate in the group with antifungal active ingredients for 8 d,indicating that antifungal active ingredients had good inhibitory effects to the spores.【Conclusion】 The stain AV shows high inhibiting effects on Cytospora chrysosperma,and its active ingredients are amides containing unsaturated carbonyls and/or conjugated alkenes.%【目的】研究鹅膏菌菌株AV对杨树烂皮病病原菌金黄壳囊孢菌的抑菌活性,并对抑菌活性物质的结构进行分析,为林木病害的防治提供理论基础。【方法】采用G-75葡聚糖凝胶层析法（洗脱液为pH 6.7的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4）与G-25凝胶层析法（洗脱液为0.02mol/L乙酸铵）进行2次柱层析,分离得到鹅膏菌菌株AV的抑菌活性物质,然后对抑菌活性组分进行紫外扫描、傅立叶红外光谱及液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱（LC/ESI-MS）分析,并采用生长速率法测定活性物质的抑真菌活性。【结果】鹅膏菌抑真菌活性物质中存在的主要官能团有-OH、C=O、-CH2-C=O、-NH-、-CH-和-NH2;LC/ESI-MS分析显示,该活性成分中有2个不同的化合物,分子质量分别为5 732.39和7 187.01u;从鹅膏菌分离得到的抑菌活性物质对金黄壳囊孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率为100%,对病原菌孢子处理8d后未见孢子萌发,而对照在5d即内萌发为菌丝团。【结论】鹅膏菌菌株AV对金黄壳囊孢菌具有较强的抑制作用,其抑菌活性物质为含有不饱和羰基或共轭烯烃结构的酰胺类物质。