基于GIS的汾河源头森林景观格局分析

摘要

【Objective】 The study was to analyse forest landscapes in the source of Fenhe River and to provide information for the protection of local forest ecosystems.【Method】 Based on GIS and Fragstats,the paper analyzed the patterns and heterogeneities of forest landscapes in the source of Fenhe River watershed in Shanxi Province.Combined with SPOT5 remote sensing image of 2009,inventory data of forest resource and the field survey,three scales of forest landscape data,forest land scale,woodland scale and dominant species scale were obtained.【Result】 The results showed: 1) In a descending ordor,the patch areas were range as follows: woodland,suitable forest land,shrub land,afforest land,open forest land and non-standing trees.Patches with complicated boundary shapes shared a scattered but uniform distribution.2) The ratio of components to woodland of pure forest land was larger than that of mixed forest land.The area of natural-original forest,which obeyed centralized distribution,was much larger than artificial forest in a perspective of origin of woodland.3) From the view of prominent species'components,Larix principis-rupprechtii and Picea asperata were the dominanting arbors,while seabuckthorn and Spiraea salicifolia were the main shrubs.【Conclusion】 The analyses of landscape patterns in the research region showed that,the forest community had a complex space structure and a high degree fragmentation if heavily disturbed by human activities.%【目的】分析汾河源头森林景观格局,为当地森林生态系统的保护提供支持。【方法】以2009年山西省汾河源头的SPOT5遥感影像、森林资源二类调查数据和实地补充调查数据为基本资料,基于GIS平台和Fragstats软件,从研究区域的林业用地、有林地和优势树种等3个尺度,对研究区内森林景观的格局和异质性进行分析。【结果】林业用地的斑块面积从大到小依次为有林地、宜林荒山荒地、灌木林地、人工造林未成林地、疏林地和无立木林地;斑块边界形状较为复杂,分布较为分散。在有林地斑块中,从树种构成比例来看,以纯林为主,混交林较少;从林木起源来看,以天然林为主,且分布集中,人工林较少。从优势树种组成来看,华北落叶松和云杉是最主要的优势乔木,沙棘和绣线菊是最主要的优势灌木。【结论】研究区域森林景观格局分析表明,森林群落的空间结构复杂,破碎化程度高,受人为干扰比较强烈。