药材植物淋出物对油松枯落物分解和土壤酶活性的影响

摘要

[Objective] The effects of leachates from understory medicinal plants on decomposition of Pinus tabuliformis litter and soil enzyme activities were investigated to provide scientific basis for selecting suitable understory species.[Method] In this paper,and the effects of 9 leachates (water-extraction solution) from the stems and leaves of common medicinal plants (Taraxacum mongolicum,Corydalis bunF eana,Mentha haplocalyx,Houttuynia cordata,Asarum sieboldii,Nepeta cataria,Lonicera japonica,Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Prunella vulgaris) in typical Pinus tabuliformis forest in Qinling Mountains on litter decomposition,nutrient releases (C,N,P,Cu,Zn and Mn) and soil enzyme activities were studied.[Result] The leachates from Taraxacum mongolicum,Corydalis bungeana,Mentha haplocalyx,Houttuynia cordata,Lonicera japonica and Nepeta cataria had significant inhibitory effects on litter decomposition rates and release of nutrients (except L.japonica had no significant effect of N and N.cataria had no significant effect on N and P).The leachates from T.mongolicum,C.bungeana,M.haplocalyx,H.cordata and L.japonica lowered the activity of polyphenol oxidase.The leachates from L.japonica lowered activities of carboxymethyl cellulose,and N.cataria lowered activities of carboxymethyl cellulose and beta-glucosidase.[Conclusion] A.sieboldii,G.pentaphyllum and P.vulgaris were suggested to plant under P.tabuliformis forests,where other 6 species were not suggested as understory species or their inter planting density should be diminished to avoid the inhibitory effects.%[目的]研究油松(Pinus tabuliformis)林下9种药材植物淋出物对油松枯落物分解和土壤酶活性的影响,为选择适宜油松林下种植的药材植物及适宜的林药复合模式提供依据.[方法]以秦岭山区广泛分布的典型油松林及林下9种常见药材植物蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)、地丁(Corydalis bungeana)、薄荷(Mentha haplocatyx)、鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)、细辛(Asarum sieboldii)、荆芥(Nepeta cataria)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)和夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris)为研究对象,通过药材植物茎叶淋出物(以水浸提液模拟)喷浇油松枯落物进行分解试验,研究药材植物茎叶淋出物对油松枯落物分解速率、养分(C、N、P、Cu、Zn和Mn)释放和土壤酶活性的影响.[结果]蒲公英、地丁、薄荷、鱼腥草、金银花和荆芥的茎叶淋出物均显著抑制了油松枯落物的分解及总体养分释放(除金银花茎叶淋出物对N释放、荆芥茎叶淋出物对N和P的释放影响不显著外).蒲公英、地丁、薄荷、鱼腥草和金银花茎叶淋出物均显著降低了土壤多酚氧化酶的活性,金银花茎叶淋出物降低了土壤中羧甲基纤维素酶活性,荆芥茎叶淋出物均显著降低了土壤中羧甲基纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性.[结论]细辛、绞股蓝和夏枯草可与油松进行林药复合种植,其余6种药材植物应避免在油松林下种植或降低种植密度.