金安桥水电站弃渣场植被恢复物种多样性研究

摘要

采用样方法对金安桥水电站五郎沟弃渣场进行植被动态调查,选取5个典型样地,应用物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、Simpson指数(D')和Pielou均匀度指数(JH)综合分析了主要物种的丰富度、多样性和均匀度,并对其重要值与物种多样性的关系进行了研究.结果表明,五郎沟弃渣场主要物种的多样性排列顺序为:戟叶酸模一含羞草+芨芨草群丛＞戟叶酸模-扭黄茅群丛＞戟叶酸模-白花鬼针草群丛＞戟叶酸模-孔颖草群丛＞戟叶酸模-芨芨草群丛.从均匀度指数的情况看,戟叶酸模-含羞草+芨芨草群丛＞戟叶酸模-扭黄茅群丛＞戟叶酸模-孔颖草群丛＞戟叶酸模-白花鬼针草群丛＞戟叶酸模-芨芨草群丛.重要值反映出五郎沟弃渣场早期植被恢复主要以灌木为主,灌木的重要值在样地中上下波动,说明某些灌木的相对地位出现了不稳定的因素,有可能会走向衰退,可通过人为干扰,增加物种多样性,维持其优势地位.草本的重要值在样方中呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,使其生态位逐渐升高.%Species diversity during vegetation restoration in dumping pile in Jin'anqiao Hydropower Station were investigaed sampling method.Five typical plots were selected.Species richness, species diversity, and the evenness of community were comprehensively calculated by using richness index(S), Shannon-Wiener index(H), Simpson index(D')and evenness index(JH).Meanwhile, the relationship between the important value of the main species and species diversity were studied.The results showed that the communities in Wulanggou dumping pile, in terms of the species diversity, ranked in the descendent order of Rumex hastatus-Mimosa pudica +Achnatherum association, Rumex hastatus-Heteropogon contortus association,Rumex hastatus-Bidens pilosa var.radiata association,Rumex hastatus-Bothriochloa pertusa association,Rumex hastatus-Achnatherum association.According to the evenness of association, they ranked in the descendent order of Rumex hastatus-Mimosa pudica +Achnatherum association, Rumex hastatus-Heteropogon contortus association,Rumex hastatus-Bothriochloa pertusa association, Rumex hastatus-Bidens pilosa var.radiata association, Rumex hastatus-Achnatherum association.Importantce value of the early vegetation in Wulanggou dumping pile deomstrated that the areas was mainly dominated by shrubs.The importance value of shrubs in the fluctuations all over the sample showed that the relative position of some shrubs caused unstable factors, which headed for a recession.To solve this problem, its dominant position could be maintained by human disturbance and to increase species diversity.The importance value of herbal, however, showed an upward trend with its niche gradually increasing.