楠木及其相似树种木材构造的比较分析

摘要

对楠木及其4种相似树种(钓樟、埃梅木、火力兰、槭木)宏观及微观构造特征进行比较分析.结果表明,木材宏观特征主要区别表现在气味、颜色、花纹.楠木有淡淡的清香,而钓樟木湿切面(或烘烤)有药味,埃梅木有樟脑气味,其他木材均无气味.楠木和钓樟轮间均为深色带状,弦切面山峰状花纹轮廓线深色,其他木材均为浅色,其中埃梅木最明显.木材微观构造特征主要区别表现在轴向薄壁组织、导管分子、油细胞.楠木木材的轴向薄壁组织为环管状,导管分子单穿孔及少数梯状复穿孔,管间纹孔式互列;轴向薄壁细胞和射线细胞内均含丰富的油细胞.槭木、火力兰和埃梅木的轴向薄壁组织与导管分子的构造特征均与楠木区别明显;楠木与钓樟瘿木显微构造特征区别明显,但与其正常材区别不明显,与正常材主要区别表现在油细胞,楠木射线和轴向薄壁细胞内含油细胞均多,而钓樟射线和轴向薄壁细胞内含油细胞相对较少.%A comparative analysis was carried out on the macro-and micro-structure characteristics between Phoebe sp.and its similar species.The results showed that the main differences in the macrostructure characteristics of wood were the odor,color and wood grain.Phoebe sp.had faint fragrance,while the wet section of camphor wood (or baked camphor) of Lindera sp.had a taste of crude drugs,Elmerrillai sp.had camphor smell,and no smell for other woods.The growth rings of Phoebe and Elmerrillai sp.appeared as round dark ribbons,and the outline of the ridge shape on the tangential section were dark.The growth rings of other woods were light in color,in which Elmerrillai sp.was the most obvious.The main differences in the microstructure characteristics of the woods were the longitudinal parenchyma,vessel elements and oil cells.The longitudinal parenchyma of Phoebe woods were annular tubular,single perforation of the vessel molecule and a small number of ladder like perforation,intervessel pitting alternate.Both axial parenchyma cells and ray cells were rich in oil.The structural characteristics of axial parenchyma and vessel elements of Acer sp.,Michelia macclurei and Elmerrillai sp.were evidently different from Phoebe wood,The microstructure characteristics of burl Lindera sp.were evidently different from Phoebe wood,but with no significant difference between the normal.The main difference from the normal wood was oil cells.The wood ray and axial parenchyma cells of Phoebe were many oil cells,while the Lindera sp.had less oil cells.