栽培模式对设施短程栽培番茄生长及果实品质的影响

摘要

In order to achieve high efficiency and standardized management of greenhouse tomatoes,short-time cultivation mode was adopted to investigate the effect of cultivation method and node-order pinching on plant morphologies and fruit qualities.In this study,tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicom L.Br#liance 201) were grown in a simultaneous-light pattern greenhouse.The experiments were designed for full-factorial design with three cultivation methods (coconut coir,rockwool and hydroponics) and two node-order pinching levels (double-truss pinching and triple-truss pinching).A suitable combination of cultivation method and node-order pinching was further obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method.Results showed that cultivation method extremely influenced stem diameter,leaf areas,yield parameters and fruit qualities (P＜0.01);node-order pinching had extremely significant effect on numbers of leaves,leaf areas,fruit numbers per plant and grain weight per plant (P＜0.01) and had significant effect on stem diameter (P＜0.05),while it had less effect on fruit qualities;the interaction of such two factors had extremely significant effect on plant height (P＜0.01).The combination of coconut coir and triple-truss pinching performed best in both production and fruit qualities by using comprehensive evaluation method.This study provided scientific guidance for high yield and superior qualities of greenhouse tomatoes grown with short-time cultivation mode.%为实现设施番茄短程栽培模式标准化,在兼光型植物工厂条件下,研究栽培方法和摘心位置对短程栽培番茄植株形态和果实品质影响.试验采用3种栽培方法为岩棉培(R)、椰糠培(C)和水培(H),2种摘心位置为2穗摘心(D)和3穗摘心(T),全因子试验设计,6组处理,统计分析植株生长和果实品质指标,综合评价并获取最优栽培模式.结果表明,不同栽培方法对茎粗、叶面积、产量指标和果实品质指标影响极显著(P＜0.01);摘心位置对叶数、叶面积、坐果数和单株产量影响极显著(P＜0.01),对茎粗影响显著(P＜0.05),对果实品质无显著影响;两因素交互作用对株高影响极显著(P＜0.01).椰糠培3穗摘心处理组综合评分表现最佳,该栽培模式下植株生长健壮,果实产量和品质优良.研究可为设施番茄短程栽培优质高产提供依据.