为实现设施番茄短程栽培过程中营养液的高效供给及标准化管理,寻求短程栽培模式中最优的营养液供给方式,在兼光型植物工厂条件下,研究了营养液电导率值(electric conductivity,EC值)、灌溉频率对番茄植株形态和果实品质的影响.试验以岩棉为栽培基质,3水平EC值为2、4和6 dS/m,3水平灌溉频率为1、3和5次/d,采用全因子试验设计方法,进行9组处理.采用综合评价方法获取最佳的营养液EC值和灌溉频率,并对植株形态和果实品质指标进行数理统计分析.结果表明:营养液EC值和灌溉频率影响植株的株高、茎粗、叶数、叶面积、叶形指数和根面比,同时也影响果实的平均质量、可溶性固形物(soluble solids content)和果形指数.其中EC值对平均果实质量影响显著(P＜0.05),灌溉频率对叶面积和平均果实质量影响极显著(P＜0.01);试验因素的交互作用对茎粗和果形指数影响极显著(P＜0.01),对SSC影响显著(P＜0.05).EC值为4 dS/m,灌溉频率为5次/d的营养液灌溉方式能兼顾植株发育和果实品质良好,该灌溉方式下SSC与平均果实质量呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01).该研究可为设施短程栽培番茄优质高产提供指导依据.%In order to achieve high efficiency and standardized management of the nutrient supplement,tomatoes of short-term cultivation (Solanum lycopersicom L.;Brilliance 101) were grown in the greenhouse to explore a kind of nutrient solution irrigation condition to guarantee both yields and fruit quality.In this study,tomato plants were grown in an open rockwool system and the plants were irrigated with Yamazaki recipes nutrient solution to determine the responses of plant morphology,fruit weight and fruit quality to 2 factors including electrical conductivity (EC) and irrigation rates of nutrient solution from March to June.A suitable combination of EC and irrigation rates of nutrient solution was further obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method.The experiments were designed with 3 EC levels (El,E2 and E3 represented the EC of nutrient solution at 2,4 and 6 dS/m,respectively) and 3 irrigation rate levels (R1,R2 and R3 represented the irrigation rates of nutrient solution at one time/d,3 times/d and 5 times/d,respectively).The regulation of EC values of each treatment level was realized by diluting the mother liquor of the major elements with different proportions while the amount of microelements was remained.Because of the difference of the plant growth and the weather,average daily irrigation volume for each plant was controlled within 0.8-1.3 L,which was divided into several equal parts according to the irrigation rates.And the nutrient solution was applied at the following times:R1 at 12:00,R2 at 8:00,10:00 and 12:00,R3 at 8:00,10:00,12:00,14:00 and 16:00.The plants were pinched to 3 trusses and single pole trained.Results showed that EC values of the nutrient solution and irrigation rates affected plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,leaf shape index,ratio of root area of tomato plants to bottom surface area of rockwool,average fruit weight,soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit shape index of the fruits.EC value of the nutrient solution had a significant effect on the average fruit quality (P＜0.05);EC value of the nutrient solution and irrigation rates had an extremely significant influence on both leaf area and average fruit quality (P＜0.01);interaction of the experimental factors had an extremely significant effect on stem diameter and shape index (P＜0.01);and the interaction significantly influenced SSC (P＜0.05).In terms of the greenhouse tomatoes of short-term cultivation grown in rockwool,the combination of 4 dS/m EC and 5 times/d irrigation rate was obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method,which could ensure the production and the fruit quality well.Based on the optimal irrigation condition,leaf area was significantly positively correlated with average fruit weight (P＜0.05);SSC was extremely significantly negatively correlated with average fruit quality (P＜0.01),and significantly positively correlated with fruit shape index (P＜0.05).It could be concluded that tomato plants with larger leaf area tended to generate heavier fruits which approximated to ellipsoid type with lower SSC,while smaller fruits tended to be spherical,with better quality.This study provides a guidance basis for practical scientific management of nutrient solution in short-term cultivation of greenhouse tomato grown in rockwool.
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