番茄颈腐根腐病菌分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

摘要

近年山东温室大棚中番茄发生大面积颈腐根腐病病害,对其产量和品质影响严重.文章采用形态学、分子生物学及柯赫氏证病法分离鉴定病株病原菌,证实这一病害为番茄颈腐根腐病,病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌番茄颈腐根腐病专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici).采用单因素变量法研究不同环境条件对病原菌生长影响.结果表明,病原菌致死温度为63℃,菌丝生长最适温为28℃,最适pH为9,最适光照为12 h光照12 h黑暗,最适培养基为燕麦培养基,碳源为乳糖,氮源为甘氨酸.产孢最适温为25℃,最适pH为8,最适光照为24 h黑暗,最适培养基为PDA,碳源为葡萄糖,在PDA基础上添加不同氮源不利于产孢.研究可为抗病种质资源筛选提供科学依据.%In recent years, a great many of plants in Shandong Province greenhouses have suffered a disease similar to Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato. Which seriously affected the yield and quality of tomatoes,in order to identify and research the pathogen caused the disease and provide assistance to agricultural production, morphological identification, molecular identification and Koch's Postulate had been done. It was confirmed that the disease was truly Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato and the pathogen was Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Single factor variable method was used to research the effects of different conditions on the growth of pathogen. The lethal temperature of the pathogen was 63 □, the most suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 28 □, the optimum pH was 9, the most suitable light condition was 12 h in light and 12 h in darkness, the optimum medium was oat medium, the carbon source was lactose, the nitrogen source was glycine. The most suitable condition for sporulation was 25□,pH 8,24 h in darkness,the optimum medium was PDA medium,carbon source was glucose,adding different nitrogen sources to PDA was not conducive to sporulate.