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东北农业大学学报（英文版）

东北农业大学学报（英文版）

Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)
本刊主要刊登农学、园艺、植保、资环、动物科学、动物医学、农业工程、农业水利、生物工程、食品科学、基础学科等方面的科研学术论文，及国内外有关学科符合本刊宗旨及办刊内容的论文。本刊已在科技期刊界享有较高的声誉和地位，曾先后多次荣获国家和省级的“优秀科技期刊”奖。
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东北农业大学学报（英文版） >2021年第3期

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  • 摘要：An active mesophilic lignocellulose degrading microbial consortium, designated LZF-12, was bred from humus-rich soil by successive subcultivation under facultative aerobic static condition. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the structural and functional stability of lignocellulose degradation of rice straw of 10 g ? L-1. The results showed that efficient degradation of rice straw (>70%) could be achieved and acetic acid concentration accounted for over 70% of total aqueous products from different generations by microbial consortium LZF-12 within 7 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of 16S rDNA sequences amplified from the total consortium DNA representing the presence of sequences were related to those of Clostridium,Clostridium cellulolyticum,Pseudomonas,Acetivibrio and some uncultured bacteria in LZF-12.DGGE pattern profiles from different LZF-12 generations were reproducible, suggesting the relative stabilities of the microbial community structure and succession mechanism in the established consortium.
  • 摘要：Improving crop water productivity is necessary for ensuring food security. To quantify the water utilization in grain production from multiple perspectives, gross inflow water productivity (WPg), generalized agricultural water productivity (WPa), evapotranspiration water productivity (WPET) and irrigation water productivity (WPI) were examined in this study. This paper calculated and analyzed the temporal and spatial variation in these water productivity (WP)indices in the irrigated land of Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that almost all of the municipal WP indices increased from 2007 to 2015.The four indices showed large differences in scientific connotation and numerical performance, and their degrees of spatial variation were ranked as WPI>WPa>WPg>WPET.The spatial patterns of WP indices in different years were similar;the central and southern regions on the Songnen Plain and the eastern region had high WP values,while those of the northern region were low.Each WP index was used to evaluate the relationship between the input of water resources and the output of grain between different regions. Most cities had the potential to improve WP by reducing the input of irrigation water.Furthermore,the results provided recommendations to decision makers to plan for efficient use of water resources in different cities.
  • 摘要：While comparing photosynthetic characteristics of Dryopteris fragrans(L.)Schott to those of several commonly associated plants in its native community,coordination between D.fragrans and its environment was observed.The diurnal net photosynthetic rate(Pn)varied dramatically for all the plants studied.D.fragrans,Woodsia ilvensis and Urtica angustifolia all exhibited unimodal type Pn variation,with low Pn,weak photosynthetic capacity,and dramatic maximal photosynthesis(Pmax)changes.When compared to values for its associated plants,D.fragrans values were of intermediate level,indicating difficulty in adapting to its environment. Moreover,the nitrate reductase activity of D.fragrans was higher than that of only one species,Artemisia gmelinii.With increasing leaf maturity and chlorophyll content,D.fragrans exhibited declining LCP(light compensation point)and a relatively low LSP(light saturation point).Because of its overall relatively weak photosynthetic capacity,D.fragrans exhibited narrow ecological amplitude with respect to light adaptation.
  • 摘要：In order to reveal the mechanism of microwave puffing berry snack, a center combination experiment method was employed to explore the puffing process of blueberry snacks. Blueberry as the raw material, the microwave power, initial moisture content, puffing time and mass were employed as experimental factors. The pressure, temperature, amount of water vapor and puffing properties in terms of the volume, hardness and brittleness were employed as target parameters. The higher microwave intensity and initial moisture content resulted in the more amount of water vapor in the snacks and more holes in the appropriate puffing time. The shape and structure of the snacks tended to be stable with the removal of moisture.
  • 摘要：A total of 120-day-old broilers were divided into four groups. In group-A, broilers were left without supplementation of minerals and vitamins (control), while the broilers in groups B, C and D were given mineral and vitamin supplementation 1-6, 1-4 and 5-6 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the feed consumption of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 4 234.61, 4 028.38, 4 169.32 and 4 181.87 g ? b-1; water intake was 9 668.88, 9 295.55, 9 882.11 and 9 402.86 L ? b-1; live body weight was 2 068.90, 2 360.90, 2 255.30 and 2 157.40 g ? b-1, respectively. The feed conversion ratio of broilers in groups A, B, C, D was 2.05, 1.71, 1.85 and 1.94 g ? b-1, carcass weight (wt) was 1 550, 1 656, 1 552 and 1 528.8 g ? b-1, and average dressing percentage was 61.24, 63.02, 62.60 and 60.51 respectively. Weight of heart in groups A, B, C and D was 15.13, 13.16, 11.72 and 11.50 g ? b-1, weight of gizzard was 32.98, 37.48, 37.62 and 33.35 g ? b-1, weight of liver was 51.94, 48.70, 51.94 and 48.70 g ? b-1and spleen weight was 3.48, 3.28, 3.06 and 2.82 g ? b-1, respectively. Average mortality of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 6, 2, 4 and 5 resulting 20.00%, 8.00%, 13.00% and 16.00% mortality rate, respectively. The haemoglobin level in blood of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 9.20, 12.23, 10.87 and 7.60 g ? dL-1, white blood cell level 77.47, 89.83, 81.63 and 78.13 (×106μL); red blood cell level 1.85, 2.58, 2.45 and 1.40 (×106μL), respectively. It was concluded that broilers given mineral and vitamin supplementation (Aquavit Electrolyte) for 6 weeks were proven to be most effective regime to result the lowest feed intake, the highest live body weight, better feed conversion ratio, higher carcass weight, better dressing percentage, higher net profit, relatively improved haemoglobin level in blood, increased counts of red blood cells and white blood cells. In all the above parameters, the broilers received mineral and vitamin supplementation for the first 4 weeks and the last 2 weeks showed relatively inferior performance, it is suggested that mineral and vitamin supplementation through water for partial period was not much effective in broiler productivity. Broilers may be supplemented with commercially available minerals and vitamins in drinking water over full rearing period, for achieving higher live body weight and efficient feed conversion ratio.
  • 摘要：In order to produce efficiently symbiotic system in acid soils which could be used for the recovery of insoluble phosphate soil and improvement of the fertility,etc.,host range of Rhizobium was isolated from the root nodules of wild and cultivated soybean varieties growing in south China,evaluated the effects of Rhizobium on enhance nitrogen fixing activities,phosphorus(P),nitrogen (N)uptakes,growth and yield of soybean under pot and field conditions.The results showed that combined Rhizobium inoculation was more effective than individual Rhizobium inoculation. The combined Rhizobium of CW54 strains had the highest effect, nodule number, nodule weight and nodule nitrogenase activity were markedly stimulated as compared to those of the control U110, respectively. The nitrogen contents in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 43.2% as compared to those of the control U110 in Al-P soil, but statistical significance was not observed in Fe-P soil. By contrast, inoculation with CW54 significantly enhanced phosphorus uptake of plant in Fe-P soil than that in Al-P soil. The effects of inoculation of CW54 strains in a field condition were similar to those of in a pot condition. The total biomass and yield in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 86.4% and 51.4% as compared to those of the control at the time of soybean podding in a field condition, respectively.These results suggested that inoculation Rhizobium was beneficial for soybean nutrient uptake,growth and yield under insoluble phosphate soil conditions.
  • 摘要：The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral (per os, PO) and intravenous (IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg ? kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg ? kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS.The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma.After PO administration at doses of 0.25,0.5 and 1.0 mg ?kg-1,milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06± 0.13 h,the mean absorption time(MAT)was 19.06,13.67 and 11.77 h,the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz)was 15.06±0.37,11.09± 0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance (Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 mL ? min-1 ?kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng ? mL-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve (AUC0→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg ? h ? L-1, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg ? kg-1of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.
  • 摘要：The list of underutilized green leafy vegetables is enormous: ranging from commonly consumed and underutilized vegetables. There are data on commonly consumed vegetables, but information is sparse on nutritional, chemical and anti-nutritional properties of less explored vegetables. This work aimed to evaluate some attributes of less explored or underutilized leafy vegetables. Some nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of 10 under-utilized leafy vegetables(Amaranthus spinosus Linnaeus,Basella alba Linnaeus,Corchorous tridens L.,Cyrtosperma senegalense(Schott),Erigeron floribundus Sch,Hoslundia opposita Vahl,Lagenaria siceraria(Molina)Standl,Ocimum basilicum L.,Solanum aethiopicum L.and Talinum portulacifolium(Forssk.)Asch.ex Schweinf) were investigated.Cyrtosperma senegalense had the highest protein value(5.93%).Hoslundia opposita had the highest fat content (0.54%).Amaranthus spinosus was high in β-carotene content(346.3 mg?100 g-1);Cyrtosperma senegalense had the highest moisture content. A. spinosus had the highest ascorbic acid content (108.1 mg ?100 g-1).The highest tannin level (0.0057%) was found in C.senegalense and the lowest(0.0003%)was found in Solanum aethiopicum.Saponin was the highest in C.tridens(0.0052%)and the lowest in T. portulacifolium (0.00014%). C. senegalense and S. aethiopicum had their highest and the lowest phytate values, respectively. Although anti-nutrients could interfere with nutrient utilization, their values in these vegetables were not at toxic levels.
  • 摘要：Twenty-nine facultative anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil, rumen fluid, rumen residues and diet of dairy cow.Based on 16SrDNA analysis by BLAST algorithm method,the results showed that most of the strains were Bacillus genera, and six of the 29 strains were bigger than 10 mm of diameter of clear zones. For them, two strains were isolated from rumen fluid (L5 and L7) and other two were isolated from rumen residue (N5 and N9), while others were isolated from soil (T1) and diet (S6), respectively. Strains from rumen fluid and residue had higher activities of FPCase and CMCase, but lower β-glucosidases.
  • 摘要：High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the degradation efficiency of bacteria 2 strain (B2S) under different conditions, the optimum cultivation conditions for fomesafen degradation bacterium B2S were as the followings:temperature 35℃; inoculation quantity 5%; pH 5.0; glucose content 0.5% and fomesafen concentration 10 mg ? L-1. Under optimal conditions, B2S degraded fomesafen within 72 h of fomesafen application, with a degradation rate of nearly 100%. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to analyze fomesafen degradation into microbial products. A more thorough understanding of microbial fomesafen degradation mechanisms was discussed. The pathway of fomesafen degradation by B2S was also inferred herein.
  • 摘要：This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. AHP empirical results showed that the satisfaction of information communication and the satisfaction of the management process were the weakest. And the order from high to low on the level of indicators of the impact for the alliance was the result of alliance operations and the process of alliance operations, the behavioral attitude of alliance members. Besides, the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the operational performance of the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province was in the general level.
  • 摘要：近年山东温室大棚中番茄发生大面积颈腐根腐病病害,对其产量和品质影响严重.文章采用形态学、分子生物学及柯赫氏证病法分离鉴定病株病原菌,证实这一病害为番茄颈腐根腐病,病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌番茄颈腐根腐病专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici).采用单因素变量法研究不同环境条件对病原菌生长影响.结果表明,病原菌致死温度为63℃,菌丝生长最适温为28℃,最适pH为9,最适光照为12 h光照12 h黑暗,最适培养基为燕麦培养基,碳源为乳糖,氮源为甘氨酸.产孢最适温为25℃,最适pH为8,最适光照为24 h黑暗,最适培养基为PDA,碳源为葡萄糖,在PDA基础上添加不同氮源不利于产孢.研究可为抗病种质资源筛选提供科学依据.%In recent years, a great many of plants in Shandong Province greenhouses have suffered a disease similar to Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato. Which seriously affected the yield and quality of tomatoes,in order to identify and research the pathogen caused the disease and provide assistance to agricultural production, morphological identification, molecular identification and Koch's Postulate had been done. It was confirmed that the disease was truly Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato and the pathogen was Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Single factor variable method was used to research the effects of different conditions on the growth of pathogen. The lethal temperature of the pathogen was 63 □, the most suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 28 □, the optimum pH was 9, the most suitable light condition was 12 h in light and 12 h in darkness, the optimum medium was oat medium, the carbon source was lactose, the nitrogen source was glycine. The most suitable condition for sporulation was 25□,pH 8,24 h in darkness,the optimum medium was PDA medium,carbon source was glucose,adding different nitrogen sources to PDA was not conducive to sporulate.
  • 摘要：In winter,the difference between indoor and outdoor temperature of the north piggery is large, which has great influence on the accuracy of temperature and humidity control. Based on adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm,this paper studied the temperature and humidity control of female piggery. With the advantages of small overshoot, fast response and strong robustness, this algorithm improved the temperature and humidity control accuracy. The simulation results showed that the overshoot of the algorithm was 2.57%. The control time of the system was reduced by 57.56% compared with the original PID control algorithm. The actual experimental data showed that the maximum temperature and humidity deviations of temperature and humidity control system based on the improved algorithm were 0.61 □ and 6.86%, which reduced by 1.8 □and 2.21%, respectively, compared with the original PID control algorithm. Therefore, it provides reliable temperature and humidity environment's protection for the winter breeding management in the north of China.%我国北方猪舍冬季室内外温差大,影响温湿度控制精度.文章基于自适应模糊PID控制算法研究母猪舍温湿度控制.该算法具有超调量小、响应速度快、鲁棒性强优点,可提高寒地猪舍温湿度控制精度.仿真试验数据表明,该算法系统超调量为2.57%,系统调控时间较原有PID控制算法调控时间缩短57.56%;实测结果表明,基于该算法改进温湿度控制系统最大温湿度偏差值分别为0.61℃和6.86%,较原有PID控制算法调控温湿度偏差分别减少1.8℃和2.21%,研究可为我国北方寒地猪场冬季养殖管理提供更精准温湿度环境保障.
  • 摘要：用原位土培法种植大豆疫霉感病品种Sloan、抗病品种Williams82及非寄主菜豆一点红,收集3个品种根分泌物,分别测定根分泌物中异黄酮、氨基酸和可溶性糖种类及含量,从3个方面(游动孢子趋化性、孢子成囊率及孢囊萌发率首次测定单一组分和混合组分在相对原位浓度下对大豆疫霉游动孢子趋化作用.结果表明,寄主大豆与非寄主菜豆根分泌物中均含异黄酮daidzein和genistein,但含量未达到显著性差异.非寄主菜豆根分泌物中含全部供试18种氨基酸、Williams82仅含9种,Sloan为5种,共有氨基酸中,非寄主菜豆根分泌物中浓度均显著高于寄主,抗病品种略高于感病品种.测定6种可溶性糖中,非寄主菜豆根分泌物中含4种,Williams82含5种,Sloan含4种,其中半乳糖(Gal)仅在Williams82中存在,麦芽糖(Mal)在3个品种根分泌物中均不存在.所有单一组分对大豆疫霉游动孢子均具显著促进作用,除少数组分如脯氨酸(Pro)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)对孢囊萌发有抑制作用外,其他组分均显著趋化游动孢子成囊及孢囊萌发.异黄酮混合液、氨基酸混合液和可溶性糖混合液对游动孢子3个生理指标影响较各组分作用之和均显著减效,18种氨基酸混合液和6种可溶性糖混合液对大豆疫霉游动孢子萌发由促进作用转为抑制作用.将试验组分按其在3个品种根分泌物中相对原位浓度混合后,对游动孢子3个生理指标表现显著促进或抑制作用,且作用显著低于其SUM值,表明3类物质混合后减效作用显著,减效程度由强到弱依次为非寄主菜豆一点红、抗病品种Williams82和感病品种Sloan.%The soybean susceptible cultivar Sloan and resistant cultivar Williams82 as well as non-host common bean Yidianhong of Phythophthora sojae were cultivated by the method of situ soil culture, the root exudates were collected and measured the chemoattration to Phytophthora sojae zoospores, including the capacity of attractting zoospores, the promotion on encystment and germina-tion of P.sojae zoospores. The results showed that daidzein and genistein were included in the host and non-host root exudates with no significant differences on concentrations.The root exudates of non-host common bean Yidianhong contained 18,Williams82 contained nine,and Sloan contained five kinds of test amino acids. For the shared amino acids in the three root exudates, the concentration in non-host common bean root exudate was significantly higher than that in the host root exudates, and the concentration in the resistant soybean was slightly higher than that in the susceptible soybean.The root exudate of non-host common bean Yidianhong contained four, Williams82 root exudate contained five, and Sloan root exudate contained four out of six kinds of test soluble sugars. Gal was only found in Williams82 root exudate, Mal was absent in all three root exudates. Each single components had significant chemoattraction to P.sojae zoospores. Except for a few components such as Pro and Phe that inhibited germination of the cysts,others had significant positive chemoattraction to encystment and germination. The effect of isoflavone mixture, amino acid mixture and soluble sugar mixture on the chemoattraction of zoospores significantly delined compared to that of the sum of each component,the mixture of 18 kinds of amino acids and that of six kinds of soluble sugar inhibited germination of P.sojae zoospores.The mixture of all test components at their relative in situ concentrations in the root exudates exhibited significant reduction compared to that of the sum of the role of each component,the extent of reduction from strong to weak was non-host common bean Yidianhong, resistant soybean Williams82 and susceptible soybean Sloan.
  • 摘要：This experiment,chose two different types of rice varieties to study the influence of the ratio of tiller and spike nitrogen fertilizer application on leaf senescence related compounds and enzyme activity and gene expression quantity in rice grouting maturation period,in order to provide a theoretical basis for elucidation of nitrogen nutrition on leaf senescence of the molecular regulation mechanism in rice and establish high quality and high yield cultivation techniques for rice.The results indicated that in the grouting process, leaf total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b contents and SOD, POD activity in leaf and Rubisco gene transcript expression quantity gradual declined,while MDA content gradual rose. Reducing the nitrogen content of tiller fertilizer and increasing the nitrogen content of ear fertilizer could significantly increase leaf total nitrogen content and leaf chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b contents,rise SOD, POD activity in leaf and Rubisco gene transcript expression quantity, and could significantly inhibit the increase of MDA content in leaves,and attenuation rate of the nitrogen,chlorophyll content and enzyme activity, decrease Rubisco gene expression quantity decended range and prolong gene up-regulated expression time. Total nitrogen content of leaves and MDA content showed significant negative correlation, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, SOD, POD activity and Rubisco gene trans-cript expression quantity showed significant positive correlation.%文章选用两种不同类型水稻品种研究蘖穗氮肥追施比例对水稻灌浆成熟期叶片衰老相关化合物、酶活性及基因表达量影响.结果表明,灌浆过程中叶片全氮含量和叶绿素a、b含量及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、Rubisco家族基因表达量等逐渐下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高;减少分蘖肥施氮量和增加穗肥施氮量可显著提高灌浆各时期叶片全氮和叶绿素a、b含量及叶片SOD和POD活性、Rubisco家族基因表达量,显著抑制叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量升高和叶片氮浓度衰减速度及叶绿素和酶活性降解速度与幅度,减缓Rubisco家族基因表达量下降幅度,延长基因上调表达时间;叶片全氮含量与MDA含量间呈极显著负相关,与叶绿素a、b含量、SOD和POD活性及Rubisco家族基因转录表达量均呈极显著正相关.研究结果为水稻优质高产减肥栽培技术提供理论依据.
  • 摘要：Cucumber downy mildew and cucumber target leaf spot caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk.&M.A.Curtis) Rostovzev and Corynespora cassiicola (Berk and Curt) Wei are the important diseases in cucumber production. Article used cucumber cultivar'D9320' (anti-C.cassiicola and P. cubensis) and cucumber cultivar'D0401' (susceptible C. cassiicola and P. cubensis) as test materials,by using transcriptome sequencing technology screened the CsCBS as a candidate gene for disease resistance of cucumber to explore the role of CsCBS gene in the resistance of cucumber to two diseases.The cloned cucumber CsCBS, which contained 1 263 bp open reading frames, encoded 420 amino acids.There were 11 exons and nine introns in the coding region,which contain one CBS domain and one DUF domain. Three treatments of single inoculation of C.cassiicola, single inoculation of P. cubensis and two kinds of pathogens at the same time,the expression of CsCBS in the resistant cultivar 'D9320'was significantly higher than that in the control of 2 to 24 h;the expression of two kinds of pathogenic bacteria was the highest at 4 h, which was 57 times as high as that of the control. The re-sponse of CsCBS to the leaf spot pathogen was the strongest,and the duration was long.In the suscep-tible cultivar'D0401', the expression level was lower than that of the control or similar with the control, and the expression was very low.And overexpression of CsCBS could significantly improve the resis-tance to downy mildew and leaf spot disease.At the same time,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the T0generation of CsCBS transgenic cucumber was significantly lower than that of the control,and the content of soluble sugar was higher than that of the control. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the further exposition of the molecular mechanism of cucumber double resistance.%黄瓜霜霉病和棒孢叶斑病由藻界卵菌门古巴假霜霉菌〔Pseudoperonospora cubensis(Berk.&M.A.Curtis) Rostovzev〕及多主棒孢霉〔Corynespora cassiicola(Berk&Curt)Wei〕侵染引起,是黄瓜生产主要病害.文章利用抗霜霉病与棒孢叶斑病黄瓜品种'D9320'和感霜霉病与棒孢叶斑病黄瓜品种'D0401'为试验材料,通过转录组测序技术筛选黄瓜抗病性候选基因CsCBS,探究CsCBS基因在黄瓜抗两种病害中作用.克隆获黄瓜CsCBS,其包含1个1263 bp开放阅读框,编码420个氨基酸.在编码区有11个外显子,9个内含子,含1个CBS结构域和1个DUF结构域.在单一接种棒孢叶斑病菌、霜霉病菌及同时接种两种病原菌3种处理下,接种2~24 h,CsCBS在抗病品种'D9320'中表达量均显著高于对照;同时接种2种病原菌处理在4 h时表达量最高,为对照57倍.CsCBS对棒孢叶斑病菌响应最强烈,且持续时间长.在感病品种'D0401'中,CsCBS表达量均低于对照或与对照持平,表达量极低且过表达CsCBS,显著提高其对霜霉病及棒孢叶斑病抗性.CsCBS转基因黄瓜T0代植株丙二醛含量显著低于对照,可溶性糖含量高于对照.研究结果为阐述黄瓜双抗分子机理提供理论基础.
  • 摘要：农业植保无人机中自转旋翼机(简称旋翼机)具有机体结构简单、滑跑距离短、飞行高度低和空中失去动力时安全性高等优点,在农业数据采集、农情监测和农业施药等领域广泛应用.文章研究模糊PID控制器控制旋翼机姿态,运用MATLAB作旋翼机飞行姿态仿真.仿真结果显示,该系统在系统阶跃响应下模糊PID控制器相较经典PID收敛时间减少0.04 s,而给定目标角情况下,滚转角和俯仰角误差±0.01°与±0.05°上下.因此,模糊PID控制器可增强PID自适应性与鲁棒性,降低飞行时姿态控制不稳定性,姿态控制效果良好,提高飞行稳定性.%In recent years, agricultural plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) gets fast development with its own unique advantages of simple body structure, short running distance, lower flight altitude, the high security at the time of lost power in air has its in data acquisition, agricul-tural condition monitoring and crop of spraying. This treatise studied the fuzzy PID on the attitude control of autogyro,using MATLAB to simulate flight attitude.The simulation result showed that the step response of fuzzy PID compared with classical PID time reduced 0.04 s and rolling-angle and pitching-angle error of ±0.01° and ±0.05° in the case of a given target angle. Therefore, it was concluded that fuzzy PID enhanced the adaptability and robustness of classical PID,reduced the instability in the flight-attitude control, enhanced the effect on attitude control and improved the stability of the flight to a certain extent.
  • 摘要：In order to explore the sequence information of CIPK gene family in tomato, 22 CIPK gene family members of tomato were identified by tBLASTn based on the amino acid sequence of CIPK gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana.Also their physico-chemical properties were analyzed.Using MEGA software to construct the phylogenetic tree,GSDS software was used to study the structure information of tomato CIPK gene family. Picked up 1 500-bp sequences upstream the 5' end of the full-length cDNAs for SlCIPK genes to identify putative stress-responsive cis-elements. STRING software was used to explore the interaction between CBL gene family and CIPK gene family in tomato and the expression of CIPKs under cold stress was analyzed according to the tomato transcriptome data. According to the phylogenetic relationship,CIPK gene family could be divided into eight subgroups,and each subgroup contained the distribution of CIPK members of tomato, in which there existed multiple parallel homologous gene pairs. CIPK genes were divided into exon-rich (11-14) and exon-poor (0-1) groups. It has been identified that there were multiple cis-acting elements that responded to different stresses and plant hormones upstream of the 1 500 bp sequence of tomato CIPKs and that there might be multiple interacting pathways in tomato CBL-CIPK and might play a role in low temperature stress effect.The research offered foundation for biology function of CIPK family.%为挖掘番茄中CIPK基因家族成员序列信息,以拟南芥CIPK基因家族成员氨基酸序列为参照,用tBLASTn方法鉴定22个番茄CIPK基因家族成员,分析其理化性质.MEGA软件构建系统进化树、GSDS软件绘制番茄CIPK基因家族结构图.plantCARE对CIPKs上游1500 bp顺式作用原件作功能预测.运用STRING软件探究番茄中CBL与CIPK基因家族互作情况,分析冷胁迫下番茄转录组数据确定番茄CIPKs表达情况.根据系统进化关系发现CIPK基因家族可分为八个亚组,每个亚组中均含番茄CIPK成员,存在多个平行同源基因对.SlCIPK基因分为内含子富集(11~14)和少内含子缺失(0~1)两类.经鉴定,在番茄CIPKs基因的上游1500 bp序列中存在不同顺式作用元件,预测番茄CIPK基因家族在逆境胁迫中可能发挥作用,且番茄CBL-CIPK存在较多互作通路,可能在低温胁迫下发挥作用.研究结果为揭示CIPK家族成员生物学功能奠定基础.
  • 摘要：Infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),caused considerable damage to poultry industry,exists in a wide range of the world. In recent years, new genotypes of IBV and associated variants appeared frequently in different parts of China, resulting in a major obstacle for the prevention and control of this pathogen. Surveillance studies have reported that widespreadly IBV infection in China is related to multiple types.Of these,LX4(QX-like)is the predominant type circulating in chicken flock.However,in a recent study, recombinant IBV originated from QX-type and TW-type strains was reported in some parts of China. Up to now, a few reports on TW □ strains is officially demonstrated in China. As the result,the molecular and antigenic characteristics of TW□strains were not clear.In this study,an avian infectious bronchitis virus,designated as ck/CH/LHB/121042,was isolated and identified from kidney of chickens,which was suspected to be infected with IBV in Hebei Province,China.The result showed that ck/CH/LHB/121042 strain was 27 675 bp,with 10 ORFs,characterized by the 5'-cas-Replicase-S-3a-3b-3c-M-5a-5b-N-poly(A)-3' gene order, and the typical avian coronavirus cleavage site of spike protein contained five consecutive basic amino acids, namely,Arg-Arg-Phe-Arg-Arg. Based upon data arising from S1 sequence and phylogenetic analysis,the isolate was TW□genotype and closely related to ck/CH/LHB/100801 strain. Based on this finding, it was speculated that this IBV might derive from ck/CH/LHB/100801 strain. Retrospective studies,involving molecular characterization, are necessary to clarify the origin of the viruses and are significant for the prediction of new variants and recombinants.%鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(infectious bronchitis virus,IBV),严重威胁养禽业健康发展.近年来,我国不断出现新型IBV毒株及变异株,给传染性支气管炎(infectious bronchitis,IB)防控造成困难.监测研究报告显示, IBV感染与多种类型毒株有关,主要以LX4型为主.我国部分地区近期出现LX4型与TW型重组毒株,但鲜有TWⅡ毒株报道,其分子特征和抗原特性目前尚不清楚.通过分离河北省某鸡场疑似IB病鸡肾脏,获得传染性支气管炎病毒ck/CH/LHB/121042,基因组全长27675 bp,共10个开放阅读框,基因组特征为5'UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-3c-M-5a-5b-N-3'UTR,Spike protein裂解酶识别位点为"Arg-Arg-Phe-Arg-Arg".病毒基因型鉴定为TWⅡ型,基因组遗传进化分析表明,该毒株与2010年河北分离株ck/CH/LHB/100801亲缘关系最近,推测具有相同进化来源.研究结果对于阐明病毒起源、预测未来产生新型毒株和重组毒株等具有重要意义.
  • 摘要：黑龙江省为我国洋葱主产区之一,洋葱生长后期及贮藏期间鳞茎腐烂现象严重,影响经济效益.在黑龙江省哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江三地采集不同腐烂类型洋葱鳞茎病样,分离病原菌,回接鉴定后,确定导致洋葱鳞茎腐烂的致病菌株2种.经形态学鉴定、生理生化分析,结合16S rDNA序列分析,确定导致洋葱鳞片夹层腐烂病原菌为罗氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas rhodesiae)洋葱茎盘基部起始腐烂类型致病菌为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia).研究为栽培措施或药物防治洋葱鳞茎腐烂提供参考.%Heilongjiang Province is one of the main producing areas of onion in China; however, during the late stage of development and storage period,the onion bulbs rot seriously,it deeply affects farmers'income. Due to the fact, the symptomatic samples from Harbin, Qiqihar and Mudanjiang cities in Heilongjiang Province were collected to isolate pathogens in the different rot types of onion bulbs. After reinoculated in the field, it was confirmed that there were two kinds of pathogenic strains caused onion bulbs rot, identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis, combined 16S rDNA analysis, confirmed that the pathogen caused onion scales mellow rot was Pseudomonas rhodesiae, the other pathogen caused onion rot start from the stem base was Burkholderia cepacia, thereby it offered references for preventing onion bulbs rot through cultivation measures or drugs.
  • 摘要：In this paper,in order to predict the mechanical properties of the mixed material board accurately and quickly, reduce production costs and improve resource utilization, taking the process of hot-pressing control as the research object,a support vector machine regression(SVR)model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimization was proposed. Based on the performance test data of finished board and orthogonal experimental design,built the predictive model which took the hot-press-ing pressure,hot-pressing temperature,hot-pressing time and moisture content of slab as the argument variables,and the modulus of rupture(MOR),modulus of elasticity(MOE)and internal bonding strength (IB) as the dependent variables. Comparison and analysis of PSO-SVR and SVR prediction results showed that PSO-SVR model could well describe the nonlinear relationship between the hot-pressing control parameters and the mechanical properties of the mixed material board and achieved rapid and accurate prediction according to the independent variables. Compared with SVR, PSO-SVR algorithm model had the advantages of strong robustness, high precision and fast learning speed, which could provide reference for the prediction of mechanical properties of mixed material under different process parameters in hot-pressing process.%精确、快速预测热压过程混合材料板力学特性,可降低生产成本,提高资源利用率.文章以热压过程为研究对象,提出基于粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)优化支持向量机回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)模型.通过正交试验设计,结合混合材料板性能测试数据,以热压压力、热压温度、含水率、热压时间为自变量,预测混合材料板静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度.对比分析PSO-SVR与SVR预测结果,结果表明,PSO-SVR预测模型可明确热压参数与混合材料板力学特性间非线性关系,根据自变量预测混合材料板力学特性.与SVR相比,PSO-SVR算法模型具有鲁棒性强、精确度高、泛化能力强等优点.研究结果可为混合材料板力学特性预测及热压控制参数选择提供参考.
  • 摘要：Under field conditions, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of ammonification bacteria, potassium bacteria and phosphorus bacteria on nutrient availability in soil and yield of rice in the cold region of China and compared to the conventional fertilization. Results showed that DF1P2 treatment (ammonifiers 1.5×108 cfu· m-2, phosphorus bacteria 1.5×108 cfu· m-2, and potassium bacteria 1.5×108 cfu· m-2) increased available nutrient concentrations in soil, increased the concentrations of N, P, and K in plant organs and increased the rice yield and was the most significantly among all the treatments. This treatment could be recommended as the best suitable biological fertilizer application rate for the rice production in the cold region of China.
  • 摘要：The present study was conducted in four districts of Punjab Province to examine the attitude of milk producers and milk collection agents toward compliance of milk quality and safety parameters. In current scenario, the attitude of consumers for safe food in accordance to quality standards is ever increasing. The dairy industry in Pakistan is confronting many challenges to adapt these food safety and quality measures. This study was purposely conducted in the south region of Punjab Province, as this region has rich population of livestock and milk production. To collect essential data, field study was carried out in selected four districts of Punjab Province. Field survey for dairy farmers and milk collection centers was performed in two phases. The analysis of primary data was carried out by calculating the Likert scale mean value, analysis of variance (one-way) and other descriptive statistics tools. The results showed that 76.4% milk producers had no awareness about Punjab food quality laws; as Likert-scale mean value was 1.93. The compliance level for the management practices such as Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HCCAP), Good Animal Practices (GAP) and Good Veterinary Practices (GVP) etc. was also very poor. Approximately, 32.57% milk collectors (very frequently) applied milk quality testing parameters whereas 50.72% milk collectors merely used sensory quality inspection methods at the time of milk purchase from dairy farmers. For a sustainable supply of good quality raw milk to the dairy industry in Pakistan, it was recommended that the departments for hygiene and food inspection should be vigilant. The prescribed food safety laws relating to milk production and marketing activities should be enforced properly to improve the situation.
  • 摘要：Phosphorus is crucial to crop growth and yield because of its multiple effects on plant nutrition. Most tropical soils have low plant available phosphorus and there is the need for external input of P to achieve optimum yield. The response of soybean to different sources and levels of phosphorus fertilization were therefore investigated between August, 2013 and January, 2014. The treatments consisted of four fertilizer sources [Sokoto Rock Phosphate (SRP), single super phosphate, Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and control] and five levels of fertilizers (0, 15, 30, 60 and 75 kg P·hm-2) fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Soil samples were collected, processed and analyzed before planting and after harvest. Data on growth (plants height, numbers of leaves, numbers of branches and numbers of flowers) and yield (pod and grain weights) were analyzed using ANOVA and significant means were separated using LSD at 5% probability level. Application of DAP at 15 kg P·hm-2 and 30 kg P·hm-2 produced the highest grain yield and showed significant differences in plant height, numbers of leaves and numbers of branches. SRP should not be recommended for the study area, because there was no significant difference across all the parameters and it was characterized with low grain yield, due to its level of acidity and the mildly acidic nature of the soil.
  • 摘要：Dairy industry is the pillar of Heilongjiang Province. The contractual relationship of the dairy supply chain played a vital role in the dairy industry for development. The contractual relationship between the main dairy farming body and the dairy processing enterprise, as well as the impact of this contractual relationship on their cooperation in dairy supply chain were studied. Taking 366 dairy farming bodies in Heilongjiang Province as the main research objects, Likert scale was used to measure the factors affecting the contractual relationship and applied these factors to the correlation construction of dairy farming body and processing enterprise. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was used to collect data and made the conclusion that once dairy farming body perceived the opportunistic behavior and lacking of cooperation, the trust of dairy processing enterprise would be lost. Additionally, the satisfaction of dairy farming body on partnership also had a positive effect on the level of trust and commitment, the relative dependence and the perception of the partnerships, which made it possible to analyze how to strengthen the contractual relationship and provide theoretical basis for dairy industry development in Heilongjiang Province.
  • 摘要：Effects of different Indole-3-Buteric Acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 1000, 1500 and 2500 ppm) and cutting types (soft wood, semi hard and hard wood) of plane tree were investigated with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at the Agricultural research station, Charsadda. The maximum survival percentage, plant height (cm), root length (cm), numbers of roots and root weight per cutting were significantly higher in hard wood cuttings. IBA concentration had no speculative effect on plane tree cuttings. Thus, hard wood cutting was the best choice for plan tree propagation.
  • 摘要：The antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDS1.0902, KLDS1.1003 and NCFM against Escherichia coli O157: H7 were investigated in this study. The culture supernatants of all the L. acidophilus stains showed high bacteriostatic activities against E. coli O157: H7 and the bacteriostatic substances of their Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS) were preliminarily determined from organic acids. The bacteriostatic activity from CFS or viable L. acidophilus against E. coli O157: H7 was also assessed by using co-incubation methods, CFS had high bactericidal activity against E. coli O157: H7, no viable E. coli O157: H7 was detected when 5×107 cfu of E. coli O157: H7 was added to 5 mL of CFS and incubated at 37℃ for 2 h. However, L. acidophilus themselves had no bacteriostatic activity after directly contacted with E. coli O157: H7. The inhibition E. coli O157: H7 adhesion and colonization of L. acidophilus were also investigated based on competition, exclusion and displacement assays. L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDS1.1003 and NCFM strains were effective to displace E. coli O157: H7 from a Caco-2 cell layer in competition and exclusion assays. However, in displacement assay, all of the strains showed no significant antagonistic activities. Meanwhile, the probiotic potential of L. acidophilus strains was investigated based on adhesion assay to Caco-2 cells and anti-inflammatory effects by IL-8 produced in Caco-2 cells. The adhesion ability and anti-inflammatory effects of L. acidophilus strains showed a strain-dependent manner. In general,L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM showed better probiotic potential than KLDS1.0902 and KLDS1.1003. Thus, the use of L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM to prevent or treat of diseases associated induced E. coli O157: H7 in vivo was suggested.
  • 摘要：A laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the response of six groundnut varieties to infestation by larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and their nutritional constituents. The improved groundnut varieties used included SAMNUT 10, RMP-91, SAMNUT 19, SAMNUT 23, EX-DAKAR and RRB. The crude fat content varied significantly among the varieties from 32.7% to 53.1% in EX-DAKAR and RRB, respectively. The seed varieties were not significantly different in crude protein, ash and moisture content. The moisture content ranged between 6.6% and 8.9% in EX-DAKAR and SAMNUT 19 varieties, respectively. The crude protein content ranged between 19.7% and 31.3% in SAMNUT 19 and EX-DAKAR, respectively. The ash content varied between 3.0% and 7.4% in RRB and RMP-91 varieties, respectively. The results showed that the seeds were attacked by the 4th instar larvae of T. granarium as indicated by percentage seed weight damage, seed weight loss and dust production. SAMNUT 10 variety had the least seed damage of 33.1%, 41.4% and 43.7% in 1 month, 2 and 3 months post-infestation. In view of the damage, it was evident that SAMNUT 10 variety had the least percent seed damage and loss suggesting the possible inclusion of the variety in breeding programme against the insect pest.
  • 摘要：To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione (GSNO) on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate, GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treatE. tenella oocysts sporulated for different times; Several kinds of antioxidants and oxidants were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on sporogony process of E. tenellaoocysts. The results showed that GSNO still inhibited the oocysts sporulated 10 h, but had few inhibiting effect on the oocysts sporulated for 14 h; the antioxidants, such as Vitamin C (VC), mannitol and sodium salicylate, could not eliminate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on oocysts; neither did the ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) nor Dithiothreitol (DTT). However, the oxidants, potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) could obviously repress the effects of GSNO on oocysts. At present, the inhibitory mechanism of GSNO on unsporulated oocysts was still unclear.
  • 摘要：Hepatitis E is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), which has been classified into four genotypes. Genotypes 3 and 4 are regarded as zoonotic pathogens. Accumulating researches indicate that genotype 4 is the main HEV strain circulating in China, and there are high levels of seropositive pigs and human in some provinces of China. In this study, serum samples from pigs and from human occupationally exposed to pigs were obtained from pig farms in Guangdong Province, in subtropical southern China, in order to investigate for the first time the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the region. Antibodies against HEV were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using a commercially marketed kit. The results showed that high numbers of pigs (74/94; 78.7%) and human (50/94; 53.2%) from three pig farms in Guangdong Province were positive for anti-HEV IgG. The correlation coefficient relating the prevalence in pigs and human on different farms was 0.920. The seropositive rate in males (human) was 48.8% (20/41) and that in females was 47.7% (9/19), which showed no statistically significant difference. These data indicated that there was a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in pigs and in human with occupational exposure to pigs. The risk of infection with HEV in both human and pigs in Guangdong Province appeared to be age-dependent, to a certain extent. This study provided basic data for further researches on HEV and was a reminder that more attention should be paid to HEV infection both in pigs and workers on pig farms in the study region.

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