我院近两年253例药物不良反应（ADR）分析

摘要

目的：探讨我院近两年253例药物不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律，为临床合理用药提供理论依据。方法：对国家ADR监测系统中，我院近两年253例药品不良反应报告进行回顾性分析、统计。结果：ADR的发生是不可避免的；10岁以下儿童和60岁以上老年患者是ADR高发人群，在253例报告中分别占18.97%和28.46%；给药途径也是ADR发生的重要原因，静脉滴注尤甚，占85.37%；引起ADR最多的是抗菌药物，占40.71%，其次是中药注射剂，占9.88%；抗菌药物中以头孢菌素类引发的ADR居首位，占37.86%；ADR累及器官/系统中，以皮肤损害最多，占46.24%，其次为消化系统的损害，占11.86%；ADR多为一过性损害，停药后症状自行消失或缓解的占40.71%。结论：加强抗菌药物、中药注射剂的使用监测，减少静脉滴注给药方式，重点关注儿童、老年人用药安全，密切观察临床用药中皮肤及附件、消化系统的损害，提高用药水平，节约医疗资源，减少药源性疾病的发生。%Objietive:To investigate the characteristics and regular of 253 cases of ADR in our hospital in the past two years,and to provide theory basis for rational use. Methods:253 cases of ADR reports in our hospital in the past two years from National ADR monitoring system were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The occurrence of ADR was inevitable;Among of 253 ADR, patients children under age 10 and aged 60 were ADR high-risk groups,which was 18.97%、28.46% respectively;intravenous administration took the main percentage,accounting for 85.37%;Most of ADR were caused by antimicrobial drug,which was 40.71%,the second was traditional Chinese medicine injection, accounting for 9.88%; A large number of cases were caused by cephalosporin antibiotics in the antimicrobial drug,accounting for 37.86%;Skin injury took up the highest proportion (46.24%), the second was digestive injury (11.86%); Most of ADR were transient injury, the symptoms was disappeared and ease after drug withdrawa,the percentage was 40.71%. Conclusions:We should strengthen the ADR monitoring for antimicrobial drug and traditional Chinese medicine injection, and reduce intravenous administration, combination drug. Great importance should be attached to the elderly and the children patients. In the clinic, the skin and digestive injury would be observed strictly. We would improve the level of medication, reduce the medical resources and the occurrence of drug-induced diseased.