伊斯兰教在新疆的族群适应--从近代西方探险家笔下的麻扎叙事谈起

摘要

近代新疆的外国探险考察者记录了不少麻扎传说，这些传说反映了信徒们为给麻扎的合法性寻找依据并增强其神圣性，或者将伊斯兰神话嫁接到本地，或者因袭、借用自然崇拜、佛教传说并加以伊斯兰化的改造，从而将佛教圣地变为伊斯兰教圣墓，将传说文本中的佛教修行者替换为伊斯兰教殉教者。这些行为客观上促进了伊斯兰教在新疆实现在地化转变与族群性适应。%Some Foreign Explorers had collected quite a few mazar folklore stories in the modern history of xinjiang. Some folklore stories showed the facts that Muslims grafted the Islamic myths into local society and then deeply consecrated the local mazar.Muslims also copied or referenced local ancient Buddha stories edited in Islamic ways.Besides, the sacred places of Buddhism were transferred as Islamic holy tombs, the Buddhist practitioners were replaced by Islamic martyrs and resulted in the localized transformation and the ethnic accommodation of Islam in Xinjiang.