论社会的语用制约

摘要

This paper,from the perspective of functional linguistics,discusses the cohesive forces of Chinese as the native language in loan-words and vulgar-words in the development of society and language itself.These forces can be regarded as social pragmatic conventions.The social pragmatic conventions mean that three meta-functions of language operate on the social language rather than on a certain discourse or text.The loanwords mainly function ideationally,making up for the defects or differences of Chinese in concepts,cognition and thinking,and also display the interpersonal functions such as revealing people＇s identity,social position,knowledge and so on.The vulgar-words mainly have the interpersonal function of getting off one＇s pleasure,anger,sorrow,joy and hate.%本文从功能语言学角度,探讨汉语在社会发展、语言发展过程中对外来语、粗俗语、下流语的凝聚作用,并称之为社会的语用制约。社会的语用制约即语言的三大功能是对社会语言而不是对于某一语篇所起的作用。外来语主要起到概念功能的作用,填补本族语在概念、认知、思维、文化等方面的欠缺或差异,同时也起到显示身份、地位、学识等人际功能的作用。粗俗语、下流语主要是起到宣泄喜怒哀乐恨等人际功能的作用,故禁而不止,层出不穷。