Objective To investigate the mechanism for the formation of urinary calcium oxalate stone with potassium citrate and its effects on the relapse of urinary calcium oxalate stone .Methods Seventy-two naval afloat personnel with kidney stone , who had received treatment of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy at the outpatient, were randomly divided into the control group (n=34) and the potassium citrate group (n=38).Following lithotripsy, the patients in the control group were asked to drink more water, have more physical exercises and eat less food with rich calcium and high oxalic acid .The patients in the potassium citrate group were given 12.5%potassium citrate orally at a dosage of 10 ml, 3 times a day for a prolonged time.Blood and urine biochemical indexes were detected both before and after medication. Furthermore, ultrasonography was taken once every 3 months and the patients had medical follow-up for 12 months.Results One week after they were given potassium citrate orally, urine pH value, potassium and citric acid elevated markedly, while urine calcium decreased obvious-ly.Twelve-month follow-up indicated that 5 patients in the control group had relapse of lithiasis with a recurrence rate of 14.7%, while for the 38 patients in the potassium citrate group, there was only one case of relapse, with a recurrence rate of 2.63%.Significant differences could be noted in recurrence rate, when comparisons were made between the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Potassium citrate could decrease the level of urine calcium, and as a consequence could prevent the relapse of urinary calcium oxalate stone effectively .%目的：探讨枸橼酸钾预防尿草酸钙结石形成的机制及其对尿草酸钙结石复发的影响。方法选择72例舰艇人员经过门诊体外震波碎石治疗后肾结石患者，按治疗方法分为对照组34例和枸橼酸钾组38例。对照组碎石后要求多饮水、多运动、少吃富含高钙、高草酸、高尿酸食品；枸橼酸钾组碎石后口服12．5％枸橼酸钾液10 ml，每日3次，在服用前和服用7 d后测定血、尿生化指标，每3个月1次肾脏B超，随访12个月，观察肾结石复发情况。结果7 d后枸橼酸钾组尿pH值、钾和枸橼酸明显升高，尿钙显著降低。随访12个月，对照组结石复发5例（14．7％），枸橼酸钾组结石复发1例（2．6％），经χ2检验，2组复发率比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论枸橼酸钾可降低尿钙，有效预防尿草酸钙结石复发。
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