潜射导弹出水过程空化流数值计算

摘要

Based on Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model,a numerical calculation method of cavity flow of water-exit missile with complex configuration was proposed,in which the technology of dynamic mesh and composite mesh was used.Cavitation formation,evolvement and influence of shoulder,rudder and protuberance of water-exit missile were analyzed.The simulation results acclaim that in the beginning of water-exit course,body-attached bubble quickly grows due to reduction of cavitation number.After that,the effect of bubble break-off and oscillation becomes more obvious.The cavitation of shoulder firstly appears at the water-exit speed of 15 m /s.And it grows quickly with water-exit speed.The dissymmetry of shoulder cavitation becomes obvious in the attack angle of 5°~10°.The cavitation of rudder is hardly influenced by water-exit speed.The proportion of cavitation area of rudder is less than 10% when the attack angle is less than 5°,and rapidly increases to 50% when the attack angle beyond 5°.Reduction of protuberance size is beneficial to cavitation avoidance.The influence of the attack angle on protuberance cavitation is unapparent.Protuberance can induce the cavitation on nearby missile body at high speed.%运用 Zwart-Gerber-Belamri 空化模型，采用动网格和复合网格技术，提出复杂外形潜射导弹出水过程中空化流数值计算方法。对头肩部、舵面及突起物的空化生成、演化及影响因素进行分析。仿真结果表明：出水过程初期空化数降低使附体空泡迅速扩大，随后对空泡脱落与振荡的影响将更为显著；肩部以15 m／s的速度出水时产生空化并随速度上升而迅速增长，5°～10°攻角时肩空化非对称性显现；舵面空化受出水速度影响较小，攻角小于等于5°时空化面积小于全舵面积的10％，但攻角大于5°后空化面积迅速增长至50％以上；减小突起物尺寸有利于避免空化产生，突起物空化受攻角影响较小，但在高速下可诱导临近弹体产生空化。