高校教育投入与办学效益--基于三阶段DEA和Malmquist指数分析

摘要

This paper takes 16 universities with doctoral programs in Jiangsu Province as subjects, using three-stage DEA method and Malmquist index decomposition method, measuring and decomposing the operating efficiency and total factor in 2009-2013. The study shows that the level of economic development and the level of the residents ’ education have significant impact on the operating efficiency. The great disparities of the comprehensive efficiency in these universi-ties point to the fact that there is still big room for improvement. Therefore, it is necessary for these universities to raise the efficiency of resources and enhance the internal management while making good use of external resources to create better conditions to improve the efficiency of management. In addition, the dynamic trend of change shows that Malmquist index, which rises at the beginning and then falls, demonstrates that the efficiency of management in these universities presents a trend of mild decline, which informs us that the annual increase in the financial inputs has not produced a corresponding increase in the efficiency of management as expected. From the mean value of the shifting index of compre-hensive efficiency and the technical shifting index it is found that the main reason that there is no dramatic increase in the efficiency of management in these universities is the hindrance in the technical progress. Therefore, in order to im-prove the efficiency of management in these universities, it is necessary to raise the technical efficiency while keeping the improvement in the scale efficiency. Only these two types of efficiency have been raised can the overall efficiency of man-agement in these universities be promoted in the end.%以江苏地方具有博士点的16所高校作为研究对象，运用三阶段DEA方法和Malmquist指数方法，对2009-2013年高校技术效率、全要素生产率进行测算与分解研究，结果表明：经济发展水平与居民受教育程度对高校办学效益还是有着非常显著的影响，高校综合效率之间存在着较大的差距，办学效益的提高有着较大的空间。学校应当在提高学校资源投入利用、加强学校内部管理的同时，注意利用好外部的环境，为提高学校办学效益创造更好的条件。另外，从动态变化趋势来看，Malmquist指数先上升后又下降，表明这些高校的办学效益呈现出了弱衰退的趋势，说明尽管高校投入逐年增加，但是这些高校的办学效益并没有随着投入的增加而得到预期的提高。从综合效率变动指数与技术变动指数的平均值可以看出，他们办学效益没有能够得到显著提高的主要原因在于技术进步的阻碍，为了提高高校的办学效益，应当在保持规模效率改进的同时，逐步提高技术效率，在这两者共同提升的情况下促进高校办学效益的改进。