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马克思主义的主体及主体性思想探微

     

摘要

马克思主义主体性的特征在于,遵循主体出发的原则,从主体的视角来认识世界和把握世界;用实践改造的原则,来揭示人的方式如何改造物的存在方式;依照人性发展的原则,揭示人性的发展与自然界、社会的发展的和谐一致。马克思的“三形态”理论在本质上也是关于人的主体性发展的三阶段说。马克思主义认为现实的主体有其自身的规定性:客观实在性、自觉意识性、社会历史性、主动创造性;人的主体性能自觉地认识、掌握和超越来自客体的制约性、主体的限定性。%Marxist subjectivity is characterized by its observation of subjectivity - orientated principle, so as to interpret and get hold of the world from subjectivity perspective ; by application and reform principle to disclose bow to improve the manner of material existence through that of human beings. Marxist "Three Form" theory is in essence a "Three Stage" theory in regards of hu- man subjectivity development. According to Marxism, a real and concrete subject has its own stipulation: objective reality, selfconsciousness, social historicality, active creativity. Human subjectivity can consciously know, interpret and surpass both the constraints from objectivity and the stipulation from subjectivity.

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