论诗歌的空间语法

摘要

诗歌语言跟普通语言或日常语言的区分一直是现代诗学中的重要命题，语言学原理始终是这一命题探索中的重要指导者。雅柯布森的学说已奠定了诗歌的空间语法研究的基础，诗歌的功能将等值原则从具有空间性质的聚合（选择）轴投射到具有时间性质的组合轴，即诗歌的语言通过空间中的相当关系达到组合。聚合轴主导型语言，使诗歌有了内在的自由创造特征。空间语法手段多样，大致分为形式手段和意义手段两大类，修辞格可纳入空间语法手段的视野。语义学的研究对象具有天然的空间特性，结构语义学的许多思想对诗歌的空间语法研究也有一定启发意义。%Differentiation between poetic language and ordinary language has always remained an important proposition in modern poetics.Fundamental linguistic principles offer dominant guidance to this proposition.Jakobson’ s theory already lays a founda-tion for space syntax of poetry, that the poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the spatial paradigmatic axis (selection axis) into the time syntagmatic axis (combination axis).In other words, poetic language achieves combination through equivalence relations in space.The paradigmatic axis dominates poetic language, which endows poetry with internal features of liberty.Numerous space syntactic means, including rhetoric devices, roughly fall into formal and semantic types.Semantic re-search subjects have inherent spatial properties, such that many structural semantic principles are also of great significance to the study of space syntax of poetry.