“全面两孩”政策对青年生育意愿的影响--以杭州市80后为例

摘要

The Two-children Policy is another significant policy after the Second-child Policy, ai-ming to optimize the population structure and improve quality of people. By questionnaire surveys and interviews, the paper analyzes the fertility intention of the generation after 1980 in Hangzhou after the policy is carried out. The result shows that the policy is well heard but not well known. Most young couples tend to have two children. Depending on the first child” gender, they expect the gender of the second child. Later marriage and later childbirth is wildly accepted. They prefer to have the second child after the first one was given birth for 3-4 years. Fertility intentions become diverse. Therefore, the paper puts forward some countermeasures on how to optimize the population structure, and keep a stable population, and have a reasonable population increase.%通过问卷调查和实地访谈法，对杭州市“全面两孩”政策实施后80后生育意愿的变化进行了分析。调查结果表明，“全面两孩”政策的知晓度较高，但认知度尚有欠缺；绝大部分非独生子女已婚80后及未婚80后都有生两孩的意愿；主要基于一孩的性别期盼第二个孩子的性别；推崇晚婚晚育，接受生育第二个孩子的时间间隔为3~4年；生育动机日益多元化。据此，提出了优化人口结构，实现人口稳定、合理增长的对策建议。