Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in children with acute leukemia treated with chemotherapy, and to provide a basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods Data of 81 children with acute leukemia treated in children's hospital of Jiangxi province between January 2009 and January 2011 were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 40. 9%. As an important cause of death,nosocomial infection occurred frequently in respiratory tract and digestive tract and was correlated with the degree of neutropenia. The incidence of nosocomial infection in induced remission stage was higher than that in consolidation stage. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens and the incidence of fungal infection was high in nosocomial infection. Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infection is high among children with acute leukemia treated with chemotherapy. Therefore, the prevention and control of nosocomial infection were the important methods to improve treatment levels and prolong survival in children with acute leukemia.%目的 分析急性白血病患儿化疗后医院感染的临床特点,为医院感染防治措施的制定提供客观依据.方法 对江西省儿童医院血液科2009年1月～2011年1月住院的81例接受治疗的急性白血病患儿进行研究统计.结果 急性白血病患儿化疗后医院感染发生率为40.9％,为死亡的重要原因,好发于呼吸道、口腔及消化道,与中性粒细胞减少程度相关,诱导缓解期较巩固化疗期发生率高,感染病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,真菌感染率高.结论 儿童急性白血病医院感染率高,因此,预防和控制医院感染是提高儿童急性白血病治疗水平和延长患儿生存期的重要手段.
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