深圳市春秋季气传花粉调查研究

摘要

目的 调查深圳市春秋季主要气传花粉的分布特点及飘散规律,为花粉过敏性疾病的预防及城市绿化品种的选择提供资料.方法 应用Burkard采样器于2007年1月1日至2007年12月31日对深圳市气传花粉浓度进行检测,并应用SAS9.13统计学软件对花粉浓度与气象变量进行多重线性逐步回归相关性分析.结果 1)2007年深圳市春季花粉季节始于2月19日,止于4月21日;秋季花粉季节自9月15日开始,至12月9日结束.2)春季花期以木本花粉为主,主要为松科,其构成比为23.1%;秋季花粉主要是草本科花粉,以禾本科为主,其所占比例为33.9%.3)春季花粉浓度要明显高于秋季,春秋季平均花粉浓度分别为16.06粒·m-3·d-1和5.82粒·m-3·d-1.4)春季花期日花粉浓度最高出现在3月5日,浓度为141.25粒·m-3·d-1;秋季花期日花粉浓度在11月20日达最高,数值为37.71粒·m-3·d-1.5)春季花期间,日花粉浓度大于15.00 粒·m-3的天数为15 d;秋季花期时,日花粉浓度大于15.00 粒·m-3的天数为5 d.6)相对湿度和气压是造成全年花粉浓度变化的主要影响力,其中相对湿度与花粉浓度呈负相关,气压与花粉浓度呈正相关;相对湿度、日照时数和降雨量是影响春季花期花粉浓度的主要气象因子,花粉浓度与相对湿度和降雨量呈负相关,与日照时数呈正相关;气压及极大风速则是使秋季花期花粉浓度波动的最主要的气象因子,花粉浓度与他们均呈正相关.结论 深圳市春季花粉季节气传花粉浓度明显高于秋季气传花粉浓度,春季花期时较高浓度花粉持续时间也长于秋季.%Objective To investigate the distribution and dispersal of airborne pollen in Shenz -hen city in spring and autumn, and to provide information for the prevention and treatment of pollen allergic diseases and the selection of urban greening species. Methods The concentrations of airborne pollen in Shenzhen were monitored with Burkard traps from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. The results were analyzed using SAS 9.13 statistical software for the single-factor analysis of variance, covariance analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis of correlation. Results 1)The spring pollen season in Shenzhen in 2007 began on February 19 and ended on April 21;The autumn pollen season began on September 15 and ended on December 9.2)The dominant airborne pollen during spring flowering period was Pinaceae (constituent ratio, 23.1%); The dominant autumn airborne pollen was Gramineae (constituent ratio, 33.9%). 3)The pollen concentrations in spring (16. 06 grains · m-3 · d-1) were significantly higher than those in autumn(5. 82 grains · m-3 · d-1).4)The highest daily pollen concentrations during spring flow -ermg period and aulumn flowering period appeared on March 5 (141. 25 grains · m-3 · d-1) and November 20 (37.71 grains · m-3 · d-1), respectively. 5)The pollen concentrations higher than 15. 00 grains · m-3 during the spring flowering period and autumn flowering period lasted for 15 and 5 days, respectively. 6)Relative humidity and air pressure exerted major influence on pollen concentrations, which was negative correlated with relative humidity but positively correlated with air pressure; Relative humidity, sunshine hours and rainfall were the main meteorological factors affecting the spring flowering pollen concentrations, which negative correlated with relative humidity and rainfall but positively correlated with sunshine hours; Air pressure and maximum wind speed were the main meteorological factors and positively correlated with the autumn flowering pollen concentrations. Conclusion The airborne pollen concentrations in the spring pollen season are significantly higher than those in the autumn pollen season, and the duration of high pollen concentrations during the spring flowering period is longer than that during the au -tumn flowering period in Shenzhen city.