In this paper, triangular and hexagonal symmetry ZnO branching structures were synthesized by thermal evaporation method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) , field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain the structural information. The trunk of ZnO branching nanostructures grows along [0001] direction. The crystalline directions of the triangular symmetry ZnO are [21 10],[1210] and [1 120], while those of the hexagon symmetry ZnO are . The formation mechanism of ZnO branching structures is presented based on HRTEM characterization and surface energy analysis. The optical properties of ZnO branching nanostructure were studied by UV-vis absorption spectrum and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The band-edge emission at 3. 23 eV(triangular) and 3. 24 eV(hexagonal) are found to be red shift comparing with that of bulk ZnO.%采用简单的热蒸发法可控制备三角和六角对称ZnO纳米结构。借助于X射线衍射( XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜( FESEM)和透射电子显微镜( TEM)对样品的微结构进行表征和分析。研究结果证实：三角和六角对称ZnO分支纳米结构的主干沿[0001]方向生长；三角对称ZnO的分枝沿[2110]、[1210]和[1120]晶向，而六角对称的分枝沿[0001]晶向；基于电镜表征和晶体表面能分析，提出了ZnO纳米结构的形成机制。利用紫外可见光吸收光谱( UV-vis)和光致发光谱( PL)研究了2种ZnO分支纳米结构的光学特性。位于3.23 eV(三角)和3.24 eV(六角)的PL发射峰为ZnO的带边发射，与ZnO体材料相比出现明显的红移。
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