Objective To understand the AIDS knowledge among rural residents in Liling city of Hunan province ,in or-der to provide basis for further development of AIDS health education. Methods The random sample method was adopted. The sampling survey was conducted in rural administrative villages as unit of this city ,covering 80 administrative villages 10 villagers in each administrative village were given questionnaire survey,including gender,age,academic background and awareness of spread and prevention of AIDS. Results A total of 800 rural residents were investigated ,and 791 were valid. The questionnaires showed that the total awareness rate of residents was 54.9%(434/791),the total awareness rate was 57.8%(233/403) in male res-idents and 60.8%(201/388) in female residents,and the difference between the male and the female on total awareness rate had no statistical significance(P>0.05);the awareness rate of residents with senior high school or above was significantly higher than that of the residents with junior high school or lower(P<0.05). Conclusion The knowledge awareness degree of AIDS among residents in this rural area of Liling city still should be further improved ,especially residents with low education level , the propaganda need to be intensified.%目的：了解湖南省醴陵市农村居民艾滋病知识知晓现状，为进一步开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机抽样调查的方法，以该市农村行政村为单位进行抽样调查，调查范围涉及80个行政村，每个行政村抽取10名村民进行问卷调查，问卷内容主要包括调查对象性别、年龄、文化程度及其对艾滋病传播、预防相关知识的知晓情况。结果该研究共调查800名农村居民，有效回收问卷791份，居民总知晓率为54.9%（434/791）；其中男性总知晓率为57.8%（233/403），女性总知晓率为60.8%（201/388），男女知晓率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；高中及以上文化程度的居民艾滋病总知晓率（69.4%，206/297）明显高于初中及以下文化程度的居民（46.2%，228/494），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论醴陵市农村居民艾滋病知晓程度仍需要进一步提高，尤其低文化程度者，需要加大宣传力度。
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